Pathways that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis are potential therapeutic targets for the amelioration of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. Resveratrol was shown to impact function in skeletal muscle liver, but its role cells remains poorly defined. The present study determined whether resveratrol induces cultured human coronary arterial (CAECs). In CAECs increased mass DNA content, upregulated protein expression electron transport chain constituents, induced factors...

The production of hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a key event in the development diabetic complications. Because resveratrol, naturally occurring polyphenol, has been reported to confer vasoprotection, improving endothelial function and preventing complications diabetes, we investigated effect resveratrol on mtROS cultured human coronary arterial cells (CAECs). measurement MitoSox fluorescence showed that attenuates both steady-state high glucose (30...

Inflammation is a condition that underscores many cardiovascular pathologies including endothelial dysfunction, but no link yet established between the vascular pathology of metabolic syndrome with particular inflammatory cytokine. We hypothesized impairments in coronary function obese prediabetic caused by TNF-α overexpression. To test this, we measured endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent vasodilation (sodium nitroprusside) isolated, pressurized small arteries from lean...

This paper investigates the event-triggered adaptive output feedback control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in presence actuator failures and unknown direction. By utilizing backstepping technique, an event-based controller is developed together with time-variant rule. In this design, radial basis function neural network algorithms are first introduced to identify terms systems. Then, new state observer compensation designed estimate vector. The overall strategy...

This paper focuses on the problem of global finite-time stabilization for a class uncertain nonlinear systems with event-triggered inputs. The existing event-based design methods can only partially compensate effects errors and cannot completely counteract them to achieve control. For this reason, new method about event triggering mechanism controller codesign is presented based idea backstepping sign function technique. It proved that control system Zeno-free newly proposed strategy ensures...

The dietary polyphenolic compound resveratrol, by activating the protein deacetylase enzyme silent information regulator 2/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), prolongs life span in evolutionarily distant organisms and may mimic cytoprotective effects of restriction. present study was designed to elucidate resveratrol on cigarette smoke-induced vascular oxidative stress inflammation, which is a clinically highly relevant model accelerated aging. Cigarette smoke exposure rats impaired acetylcholine-induced...

Background— We hypothesized that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) produces endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Methods and Results— In m Lepr db control mice, sodium nitroprusside acetylcholine induced dose-dependent vasodilation, dilation to was blocked by NO synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine. diabetic (Lepr ) acetylcholine- or flow-induced blunted compared with , but produced comparable dilation. mice null for TNF (db − /db ), flow greater than...

Arginase shares a common substrate, L-arginine, with nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS). It is thought that arginase, if it expressed in the endothelium, might play pivotal role regulation of NO-mediated vasodilation by reducing L-arginine availability to NOS. In present study, we wanted determine whether arginase and active coronary arterioles demonstrate endothelial can influence NO production functional regulating dilation. this regard, expression mRNA distribution protein porcine...

Oxidative stress plays an important role in type 2 diabetes-related endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that resveratrol protects against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction aortas of diabetic mice by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced activation NAD(P)H oxidase and preserving phosphorylation nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).We examined endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) (Lepr(db)) normal controls (m Lepr(db)). Relaxation ACh was blunted...

One characteristic of hypertension is a decreased endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation; however, the underlying mechanism complex. In endothelial cells (ECs), l -arginine substrate for both NO synthase (NOS) and arginase. Because arginase has recently been shown to modulate NO-mediated dilation coronary arterioles by reducing availability, we hypothesized that upregulation vascular in contributes vasodilation. To test this hypothesis, (mean arterial blood pressure...

Obesity is associated with marked increases in plasma leptin concentration, and hyperleptinemia an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. As a result, the purpose of this investigation was to test following hypotheses: 1) receptors are expressed endothelial cells; 2) induces dysfunction. RT-PCR analysis revealed that receptor gene canine arteries human endothelium. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry demonstrated long-form protein (ObRb) present The functional effects were...

A reduction in L-arginine availability has been implicated the impairment of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). However, mechanisms contributing to dysregulation pool remain unknown. Because endothelial cells can metabolize via two major enzymes, that is, NO synthase (NOS) and arginase, we hypothesized up-regulation arginase during I/R reduces NOS thus impairs NO-mediated vasodilation. To test this hypothesis, a local was produced...

We tested the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), dismutated product of superoxide (O2*-), couples myocardial oxygen consumption to coronary blood flow. Accordingly, we measured O2*- and H2O2 production by isolated cardiac myocytes, determined role mitochondrial electron transport in these species, vasoactive properties produced H2O2.The is coupled oxidative metabolism because inhibition complex I (rotenone) or III (antimycin) enhanced during pacing about 50% 400%, respectively;...

Despite the importance of endothelial function for coronary regulation, there is little information and virtually no consensus about causal mechanisms dysfunction in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Because tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) reportedly expressed during ischemia can induce vascular inflammation leading to dysfunction, we hypothesized that this inflammatory cytokine may play a pivotal role I/R injury-induced dysfunction.To test hypothesis, used murine model...

We hypothesized that impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation (endothelial dysfunction) in Type 2 diabetes results, part, from elevated production of superoxide (O •− ) induced by the interaction advanced glycation end products (AGE)/receptor for AGE (RAGE) and TNF-α signaling. assessed role AGE/RAGE signaling endothelial dysfunction diabetic (Lepr db mice evaluation function isolated coronary resistance vessels normal control (nondiabetic, m Lepr mice. Although to...

Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus promotes oxidative stress endothelial cells, which contributes to development of cardiovascular diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription activated by that regulates expression numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying and antioxidant genes. This study was designed elucidate the homeostatic role adaptive induction Nrf2-driven free radical detoxification mechanisms protection under diabetic conditions. Using...

Endothelial cell injury and dysfunction are the major triggers of pathophysiological processes leading to cardiovascular disease. (ED) has been implicated in atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, vascular complications diabetes, chronic renal failure, insulin resistance hypercholesterolemia. Although now recognized as a class physiological second messengers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) important mediators cellular injury, specifically, factor endothelial damage....

Objectives Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are individually considered important contributors to endothelial dysfunction in obesity type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their interactions coronary arteriole uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed determine the effects of TNF-α IL-6 on experimental T2D. Methods The studies used wild (WT), diabetic mice (db/db), db/db null for TNF (dbTNF-/dbTNF-), treated with neutralizing antibody...

This paper solves the problem of prescribed-time (PT) prescribed-performance tracking for a class nonlinear systems with non-vanishing uncertainties based on finite-time command filter (FTCF). To deal uncertainties, novel PT stabilization criterion that incorporates an adaptive method is proposed and compensation mechanism established to reduce errors caused by FTCF, where parameter estimation error achieves asymptotically-zero convergence. Based this, event-triggered control strategy...

Nitric oxide (NO) activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in smooth muscle cells to induce vasodilation the vasculature. However, as hemoglobin (Hb) is an effective scavenger of NO and present high concentrations inside red blood cell (RBC), bioavailability would be too low elicit activation presence blood. Therefore, bioactivity must preserved. Here we evidence suggesting that RBC participates preservation by reducing influx. The uptake RBCs was increased decreased altering degree band 3 binding...