We describe a method for discriminating short- and long-path photons transmitted through multiply scattering medium that is based on the relationship between polarization states of incident forward-scattered light. Results Monte Carlo simulations experiments show if anisotropy scatterers sufficiently small, absorbing barriers embedded in optically dense suspensions polystyrene spheres can be resolved with good contrast by selectively detecting component scattered-light intensity has...

Abstract Purpose: HER2 overexpression has been associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to therapy in breast cancer patients. We are developing molecular probes for vivo quantitative imaging of receptors using near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging. The goal is provide that will minimally interfere the studied system, is, whose binding does not therapeutic agents effect on target cells minimal. Experimental Design: used three different types HER2-specific Affibody molecules [monomer...

Abstract Motor execution, observation, and imagery are important skills used in motor learning rehabilitation. The neural mechanisms underlying these cognitive-motor processes still poorly understood. We a simultaneous recording of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) electroencephalogram (EEG) to elucidate the differences activity across three conditions requiring processes. Additionally, we new method called structured sparse multiset Canonical Correlation Analysis (ssmCCA) fuse...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging can provide valuable diagnostic information relating to the functional status of diseases. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) dye-labeled hexapeptide (abbreviated Cyp-GRD) was synthesized. vitro, Cyp-GRD internalized in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells (A549) without observable cytotoxic or proliferative effects at concentration up 1x10(-4) M. Time-domain fluorescence intensity and injected into A549 tumor-bearing mice revealed that probe preferentially...

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are often at the heart of testing procedure in biomedical optics. One critical points MC is to define new photon direction after each scattering event. most popular solutions use Henyey-Greenstein phase function or some linear combinations it. In this note, we demonstrate that randomly generating angle defining a collision, by means function, not equivalent cosine angle, as classically done. practice, it demonstrated for nearly isotropic medium (asymmetry...

This research describes a noninvasive, noncontact method used to quantitatively analyze the functional characteristics of tissue. Multispectral images collected at several near-infrared wavelengths are input into mathematical optical skin model that considers contributions from different analytes in epidermis and dermis layers. Through reconstruction algorithm, we can quantify percent blood given area tissue fraction is oxygenated. Imaging normal confirms previously reported values for...

Random walk theory is used to calculate the line spread function (LSF) of photons as they cross midplane a slab finite thickness. The relationship between LSF and photon transit time in transillumination time-resolved experiments investigated. It found that approximately Gaussian distributed, with standard deviation, sigma, which can be criterion spatial resolution imaging system. Results are substantiated by comparison actual data literature. Any given improved reducing excess delta t, but...

Monte Carlo simulations are used to discern scaling relationships for photon migration occurring within homogeneous, anisotropic scattering media of semi-infinite extent. Special attention is given events associated with short path lengths. Empirical lengths and surface intensities shown agree a consistency equation derived in an earlier study random walks. They augmented here by procedure that accounts concomitant optical absorption coefficients. Results then transform expressions were...

Traumatic cerebral vascular injury (TCVI) is a frequent, but under-recognized, endophenotype of traumatic brain (TBI). It likely contributes to functional deficits after TBI and TBI-related chronic disability, represents an attractive target for targeted therapeutic interventions. The aim this prospective study assess microvascular injury/dysfunction in by measuring reactivity (CVR) 2 methods, magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging, as each has features...

Thermal damage in heated bovine myocardial tissue is assessed from measured changes total reflection and transmission of light. Mathematical expressions, based on random walk analysis light propagation within slabs, are used to relate the diffuse transmittance absorption coefficient, /spl mu//sub a/, effective scattering mu/'/sub s/ for samples which were subjected rapid step temperature. Time-dependent indicate two processes, one with a fast temperature-dependent rate other slow apparently...

The oxygenation state of myoglobin and the redox cytochrome c provide information on PO(2) in cytosol mitochondria, respectively. An optical "window" from approximately 540 to 585 nm was found pig heart vivo that permitted monitoring without interference Hb or blood volume. Scanning reflectance spectroscopy performed surgically exposed left ventricle pigs. Difference spectra between control a total anterior descending coronary artery occlusion revealed maxima minima this spectral region...

Cancers overexpressing the HER2/neu gene are usually more aggressive and associated with poor prognosis. Although trastuzumab has significantly improved outcome, many tumors do not respond or acquire resistance to current therapies. To provide an alternative HER2-targeted therapy, we have developed characterized a novel recombinant protein combining HER2-specific Affibody modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE 38), which, after binding HER2, is internalized delivered cytosol of tumor...

Total Body Photography (TBP) is becoming a useful screening tool for patients at high risk skin cancer. While much progress has been made, existing TBP systems can be further improved automatic detection and analysis of suspicious lesions, which in part related to the resolution sharpness acquired images. This paper proposes novel shape-aware system automatically capturing full-body images while optimizing image quality terms over body surface. The uses depth RGB cameras mounted on...

Empirical data between 510 and 590 nm of diffuse reflected light from the pig heart in vivo have shown that myoglobin cytochrome c absorption peaks with little apparent contribution red blood cell (RBC) Hb. Monte Carlo simulations photon migration tissue were performed to compare effects cytochromes those Hb on pathlengths reflectance visible wavelengths (450–600 nm) vivo. Wavelength dependence input parameters, including transport-corrected scattering coefficients (1.1–1.2 mm −1 )...

We have developed a methodology that can be used in reconstruction algorithms to quantify the optical coefficients and geometrical cross section of weakly abnormal target embedded an otherwise homogeneous medium. This novel procedure uses differenttime-dependent point-spread functions analyze diffusive absorptive contrasts obtained from time-of-flight measurements. Data time-resolved transillumination tissuelike phantom are test accuracy this new deconvolution methodology.

A discrete stochastic model is used to derive analytic expressions for various quantities relating photon transport through an optically turbid slab. Several theoretical predictions, including those of the distributions total path length, diffuse surface reemissions, and time-resolved point intensities, are examined by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations a continuous-random-walk migration semi-infinite medium finite thickness.

Reflectometers based on low-coherence interferometry are potentially useful tools for probing superficial biological structures. In this paper, we present results of theoretical and experimental investigations the variables that affect backscattered signals measured by reflectometers from dense tissues. Using a single-backscatter model turbid sample, examine effects focal spot size collection angle heterodyne efficiency light over range sampling depths. Coherence losses resulting multiple...