A5069911325- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Malaria Research and Control
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- HIV Research and Treatment
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Global Health and Epidemiology
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Respiratory viral infections research
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
2016-2025
National Hospital of Sri Lanka
2017-2024
Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine
2014-2024
Genetech (Sri Lanka)
2020
Lovisenberg Diakonale Høgskole
2020
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
2020
University of Oxford
2020
Abstract Updates This is the fourteenth version (thirteenth update) of living guideline, replacing earlier versions (available as data supplements). New recommendations will be published updates to this guideline. Clinical question What role drugs in treatment patients with covid-19? Context The evidence base for therapeutics covid-19 evolving numerous randomised controlled trials (RCTs) recently completed and underway. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants subvariants are changing therapeutics. new?...
Abstract The expression of CD45RA is generally associated with naive T cells. However, a subset effector memory cells re-expresses (termed TEMRA) after antigenic stimulation unknown molecular characteristics and functions. CD4 TEMRA have been implicated in protective immunity against pathogens such as dengue virus (DENV). Here we show that not only the frequency but also phenotype are heterogeneous between individuals. These can be subdivided into two major subsets based on adhesion G...
Liver involvement in acute dengue infection is frequently observed and sometimes leads to liver failure, with fatal outcomes. Many factors are thought contribute dysfunction, including hypoxic injury due decreased perfusion, direct damage by the virus immune mediated injury. In this study, we sought identify pattern change enzymes throughout illness its association degree of viraemia, onset extent plasma leakage inflammatory mediators.Serial daily blood samples were obtained from 55 adult...
Abstract Clinical question What is the role of drugs in preventing covid-19? Why does this matter? There widespread interest whether drug interventions can be used for prevention covid-19, but there uncertainty about which drugs, if any, are effective. Recommendations The second version living guideline reiterates previous strong recommendation against use hydroxychloroquine and includes a new conditional tixagevimab-cilgavimab individuals who do not have covid-19. How was created This from...
The role of NS1-specific antibodies in the pathogenesis dengue virus infection is poorly understood. Here we investigate immunoglobulin responses patients with fever (DF) and hemorrhagic (DHF) to NS1. Antibody recombinant-NS1 are assessed serum samples throughout illness acute secondary DENV1 DENV2 by ELISA. NS1 antibody titres significantly higher DHF compared those DF for both serotypes, during critical phase illness. Furthermore, infection, repertoire directed towards distinct regions...
Our results highlight for the first time that a significant proportion of cell doublets in flow cytometry, previously believed to be result technical artifacts and thus ignored data acquisition analysis, are biological interaction between immune cells. In particular, we show cell:cell pairing T monocyte can directly isolated from human blood, high resolution microscopy shows polarized distribution LFA1/ICAM1 many doublets, suggesting vivo formation. Intriguingly, cell-monocyte complex...
Abstract In order to support vaccine development, and aid convalescent plasma therapy, it would be important understand the kinetics, timing persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), their association with clinical disease severity. Therefore, we used a surrogate viral neutralization test evaluate levels in patients varying severity illness, those prolonged shedding mild/asymptomatic illness at various time points. Patients severe or moderate COVID-19 had earlier appearance...
Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases in world. Presently dengue is endemic 112 countries It has been estimated that almost 100 million cases fever and half a hemorrhagic (DHF) occur worldwide. An increasing proportion DHF children less than 15 years age, especially South East Asia. The unique structure virus pathophysiologic responses host, different serotypes, favorable conditions for vector breeding have led to virulence spread infections....
Significance Due to difficulty in obtaining relevant samples and low levels of dengue virus (DENV) present patients, it has been difficult characterize the properties virions circulating humans. We characterized DENV1 directly from early acute primary their cell culture isolates. observed that humans are more infectious mature as compared with isolates were hypersensitive neutralization by human antibodies. Cross-reactive fusion loop antibodies heterotypic immune sera poorly neutralized...
Each year dengue virus (DENV) infects 400 million human but causes symptomatic disease in only a subset of patients, suggesting that host genetic factors may play role. HLA molecules restrict T-cell responses are one the most polymorphic humans.Here we map DRB1-restricted DENV-specific epitopes individuals previously exposed to DENV, identify breadth and specificity CD4(+) responses. To investigate whether HLA-specific variations magnitude response might predict associations between outcomes...
Background In Sri Lanka, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is typically acquired during adulthood with significant associated disease morbidity and mortality. T cells are believed to be important in the control of VZV replication prevention reactivation. The relationship between viral load, severity cellular immune responses primary infection has not been well studied. Methodology We used IFNγ ELISpot assays MHC class II tetramers based on gE IE63 epitopes, together quantitative real time PCR...
Abstract Severe pneumonia and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19 dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) are two diseases that can associate with an altered immune response to the infecting virus. To determine similarities differences cytokine chemokine responses these infections, we compared patients varying severity of acute at different time points illness. During early disease, who proceeded develop severe (SP) DHF had significantly higher levels IL-6, IL-10 MIP3α than those developed mild The...
Dengue virus (DENV) can cause diseases ranging from dengue fever (DF) to more severe hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Whether antiviral T cells contribute the protection against or pathogenesis of disease is not well defined. Here, we identified antigen-specific IL-10+IFN-γ+ double-positive (DP) CD4 during acute DENV infection. While transcriptomic signatures DP partially overlapped with those cytotoxic and type 1 regulatory cells, majority them were non-cytotoxic/Tr1...
Background In order to understand the role of dengue virus (DENV) specific T cell responses that associate with protection, we studied their frequency and phenotype in relation clinical disease severity resolution viraemia a large cohort patients varying acute infection. Methodology/Principal findings Using ex vivo IFNγ ELISpot assays determined viral peptide (DENV)-NS3, NS1 NS5 responsive cells 74 adult infection examined association extent severity. We found total DENV-specific...
Summary Although regulatory T‐cells (T regs ) have been shown to be expanded in acute dengue, their role pathogenesis and relationship clinical disease severity extent of viraemia not fully evaluated. The frequency T was assessed 56 adult patients with dengue by determining the proportion forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) expressing CD4 + CD25 (FoxP3 cells). Dengue virus (DENV) viral loads were measured quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DENV‐specific T‐cell responses...
<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Introduction</bold>: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many traditional herbal medicines were used to treat patients with COVID-19. We sought determine efficacy and safety of a polyherbal preparation-Desadun Kalka (DK) in reducing symptoms inflammatory mediators Sri Lanka. <bold>Methods</bold>: conducted phase 2, randomized, open labelled clinical trial, hospitalized adult confirmed SARS- COV-2 infection, enrolled within ≤ 4 days since onset symptoms. Those...
Background: Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for severe dengue. As there limited data on the association of obesity with liver dysfunction oxidative stress in patients acute dengue, we investigated associated obesity, inflammatory markers, a large cohort varying severity Methods: 577 adults dengue disease, presenting duration illness ≤ 4 days, were enrolled followed up from admission to discharge, clinical laboratory features recorded. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine (ALT),...
Background: Surveillance and characterization of different dengue virus (DENV) lineages serotypes causing outbreaks is crucial for initiation timely control measures implementing vaccines. Therefore, we characterized the DENV-2 strains in Sri Lanka from 2016, until end 2023 their evolutionary dynamics to understand geographical spread mutations arising with Methodology: Sequencing was carried out on 80 samples collected patients acute recruited 2016 2018 12 2022 using Oxford Nanopore...
Sri Lanka is currently experiencing a large Chikungunya outbreak, since the end of 2024, after 16 years. We carried out whole genomic sequencing circulating virus (CHIKV) strain and found that it was Indian ocean lineage (IOL), similar to CHIKV strains in South Asia. While E:226V mutation, which has been associated with Aedes albopictus transmission efficiency, absent all 2025 viral sequences, they E1:K211E E2: V264A mutations, result enhanced fitness within aegpti mosquito. The mutations...
Abstract Currently there are no specific treatments available for acute dengue infection. We considered that rupatadine, a platelet-activating factor receptor inhibitor, might modulate dengue-associated vascular leak. The effects of rupatadine were assessed in vitro , and model, which showed significantly reduced endothelial permeability by sera vitro, inhibited the increased haematocrit dengue-infected mice with dose-dependency. conducted randomised, placebo-controlled trial 183 adult...
BackgroundNeutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are important for protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection. In this study, two assays that correlated with NAbs were compared: the haemagglutination test (HAT) and surrogate virus neutralization (sVNT).MethodsThe specificity of HAT was compared sVNT, sensitivity persistence in patients varying severity illness assessed a cohort 71 at 4–6 weeks 13–16 weeks. The kinetics first, second, third...
According to the WHO 2009 classification, dengue with warning signs is at risk of developing severe form disease. One most important plasma leakage, which can be a serious complication associated higher morbidity and mortality. We report that frequency CD4