Identification and characterization of anion channel genes in plants represent a goal for better understanding their central role cell signaling, osmoregulation, nutrition, metabolism. Though activities have been well characterized plasma membrane by electrophysiology, the corresponding molecular entities are little documented. Indeed, hydrophobic protein equipment plant still remains largely unknown, though several proteomic approaches reported. To identify new putative transport systems,...

Summary Autophagy is present at a basal level in all plant tissues and induced during leaf ageing response to nitrogen ( N ) starvation. Nitrogen remobilization from the rosette seeds impaired autophagy mutants. This report focuses on role of management proteolysis ageing. Metabolites, enzyme activities protein contents were monitored several autophagy‐defective atg Arabidopsis mutants grown under low high nitrate conditions. Results showed that carbon C statuses affected before any...

As sessile life forms, plants are repeatedly confronted with adverse environmental conditions, which can impair development, growth, and reproduction. During evolution, have established mechanisms to orchestrate the delicate balance between growth stress tolerance, reset cellular biochemistry once vanishes, or keep a molecular memory, enables survival of harsher that may arise later. Although there several examples memory in diverse species, machinery underlying formation, duration,...

Summary Nitrogen (N) is a major factor for plant development and productivity. However, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers generates environmental economic problems. To cope with increasing global food demand, rice varieties high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indispensable reducing issues achieving sustainable agriculture. Here, we report that concomitant activation ( Oryza sativa ) Ammonium transporter 1;2 OsAMT1;2 Glutamate synthetase 1 (OsGOGAT1) genes leads to increased tolerance...

SAG12 is the most widely used senescence-associated reference gene for characterizing leaf senescence, and increase in protein during senescence remarkable. However, role of this cysteine protease N remobilization process remains unclear. The has been poorly investigated few reports dealing with are somewhat controversial. Indeed, sag12 Arabidopsis mutants have not shown any phenotype, while OsSAG12-1 OsSAG12-2 overexpression rice moderates progression. Therefore, study aims at clarifying...

Plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne spp induce an elaborate permanent feeding site characterized by the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells. We have isolated a promoter trap strategy Arabidopsis thaliana formin gene, AtFH6, which is upregulated during cell formation. Formins are actin-nucleating proteins that stimulate de novo polymerization actin filaments. show here three type-I formins were in AtFH6 protein was anchored to plasma membrane...

The proteomics of plasma membrane has brought to date only scarce and partial information on the actual protein repertoire. In this work, plant proteome Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. A highly purified fraction washed by NaCl Na2CO3 salts, insoluble fractions were further analyzed nano-LC-MS/MS. With 446 proteins identified, we hereby describe largest diversity reported so far. Half predicted display transmembrane domains and/or be anchored membrane, validating a posteriori...

Though numerous pieces of evidence point to major physiological roles for anion channels in plants, progress the understanding their biological functions is limited by small number genes identified so far. Seven chloride channel (CLC) members could be Arabidopsis genome, amongst which AtCLCe and AtCLCf are both more closely related bacterial CLCs than other plant CLCs. It shown here that targeted thylakoid membranes chloroplasts and, agreement with this subcellular localization, clce mutants...

Glutamine synthetase and asparagine are two master enzymes involved in ammonium assimilation plants. Their roles nitrogen remobilization use efficiency have been proposed. In this report, the genes coding for cytosolic glutamine synthetases (HvGS1) (HvASN) barley were identified. addition to three HvGS1 HvASN sequences previously reported, prokaryotic-like cDNA Gene structures then characterized, obtaining full genomic sequences. The response of five leaf senescence was studied....

We investigated the function of ASN2, one three genes encoding asparagine synthetase (EC 6.3.5.4), which is most highly expressed in vegetative leaves Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression ASN2 and parallel higher content darkness suggest that leaf metabolism involves for synthesis. In asn2-1 knockout asn2-2 knockdown lines, disruption caused a defective growth phenotype ammonium accumulation. The asn2 mutant displayed depleted an accumulation alanine, GABA, pyruvate fumarate, indicating alanine...

Autophagy is essential for nutrient recycling and plays a fundamental role in seed production grain filling plants. participates nitrogen remobilization at the whole-plant level, seeds of autophagy mutants present abnormal C N contents relative to wild-type (WT) It well known that (ATG) genes are induced leaves during senescence; however, expression such has not yet been reported. In this study we show most ATG maturation Arabidopsis siliques. Promoter-ATG8f::UIDA promoter-ATG8f::GFP fusions...

Autophagy knock-out mutants in maize and Arabidopsis are impaired nitrogen (N) recycling exhibit reduced levels of N remobilization to their seeds. It is thus impoortant determine whether higher autophagy activity could, conversely, improve efficiency seed protein content, under what circumstances. As the machinery involves many genes amongst which 18 important for core machinery, choice AUTOPHAGY (ATG) gene manipulate increase was examined. We choose ATG8 overexpression since it has been...

Abstract Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor affecting crop yield in unfertilized soil. Thus, cultivars with high N use efficiency (NUE) and good grain protein content (GPC) are needed to fulfill the growing food demand reduce environmental burden. This especially true for rice (Oryza sativa L.) that cultivated input of fertilizer primary staple more than half global population. Here, we report asparagine synthetase 1 (OsASN1) required contents under both N-sufficient (conventional paddy...

Abstract In eukaryotes, a target of rapamycin (TOR) is well-conserved kinase that controls cell metabolism and growth in response to nutrients environmental factors. Nitrogen (N) an essential element for plants, TOR functions as crucial N amino acid sensor animals yeast. However, knowledge the connections between overall assimilation plants still limited. this study, we investigated regulation Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by source well impact deficiency on metabolism. Inhibition...

Polyploidy, or whole genome duplication, is a major evolutionary process that has shaped eukaryotic genomes, notably those of flowering plants. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of, and sharing functions between, duplicated genes originating from polyploidy events, which lead to novel phenotypes, remain be elucidated. A previous comparative proteomic study identified 360 proteins were differentially regulated between diploid Brassica progenitors their synthetic allotetraploid...

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is central for ammonium assimilation and consists of cytosolic (GS1) chloroplastic (GS2) isoenzymes. During plant ageing, GS2 protein decreases due to chloroplast degradation, GS1 activity increases support glutamine biosynthesis N remobilization from senescing leaves. The role the different Arabidopsis isoforms in nitrogen was examined using 15N tracing experiments. Only gln1;1-gln1;2-gln1;3 triple-mutation affecting three GLN1;1, GLN1;2, GLN1;3 genes significantly...

Despite a general view that asparagine synthetase generates as an amino acid for long-distance transport of nitrogen to sink organs, its role in metabolic pathways floral organs during seed filling has remained undefined. We demonstrate the onset pollination Arabidopsis induces selected genes metabolism, namely ASN1 (At3g47340), GLN2 (At5g35630), GLU1 (At5g04140), AapAT2 (At5g19950), ASPGA1 (At5g08100) and ASPGB1 (At3g16150), particularly at ovule stage (stage 0), accompanied by enhanced...

Owing to the large genetic diversity of barley and its resilience under harsh environments, this crop is great value for agroecological transition need reduction nitrogen (N) fertilizers inputs. In present work, we investigated a North African genotype collection in terms growth limiting N (LN) or ample (HN) supply physiological traits including amino acid content young seedlings. We identified Moroccan variety, Laanaceur, accumulating five times more lysine leaves than others both...

Protein hydrolysates have gained interest as plant biostimulants due to their positive effects on performances. They are mainly composed of amino acids, but there is no evidence the role individual acids biostimulants. In this study we carried out in vitro experiments monitor development Arabidopsis seedlings acid containing media order analyze biostimulant properties twenty proteinogenic acids. We demonstrated that not good nitrogen sources compared nitrate for growth. Biostimulant analyses...

Abstract Understanding plant responses to individual stresses does not mean that we understand real-world situations, where usually combine and interact. These interactions arise at different levels, from stress exposure the molecular networks of response. Here, built an in-depth multiomic description mild water (W) nitrogen (N) limitations, either individually or combined, among 5 genetically Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. We highlight dynamics in response through...

Recently it was shown that the SAG12 cysteine protease might be important for nitrogen (N) allocation to seeds in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared wild type Col cultivated under low (LN) conditions, a decrease yield and N content observed knockout mutant (sag12). As no associated leaf senescence phenotype observed, possible involvement of remobilization from organs other than leaves proposed. The fact better root uptake sag12 could also supplement mobilization seed explored. Root architecture,...