We investigated the effects of gabapentin (GBP) on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in dorsal horn rat spinal cord. Patch clamp whole cell recordings were made from superficial and deep neurons cord slices. In majority lamina, GBP decreased amplitudes evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (evoked EPSCs) mediated by either non-NMDA or NMDA receptors. contrast, lamina showed variable effects, with a lower incidence decrease amplitude EPSCs subset showing an increase receptor-mediated...

Orexins are synthesized by neurons in the hypothalamus and contribute to multiple physiological functions. Orexin fibers innervate many regions of CNS, which include areas involved descending control pain. We examined role orexins may play endogenous modulation pain transmission using prepro-orexin (precursor orexin A B) knockout mice. Baseline thresholds wild type mice were not different. Knockout presented greater degree hyperalgesia induced peripheral inflammation less stress-induced...

Background The development of tolerance complicates the use morphine to manage persistent pain. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists can attenuate or reverse tolerance. authors studied ketamine's ability modulate Method Tolerance was produced in mice given subcutaneously and assessed by a cumulative dose-response analysis using tail-flick test. ketamine at 0.3, 3, 10 mg/kg before after assessed. subcutaneous implantation pellets also Rats were made tolerant intraspinal effects...

Gabapentin is a novel anticonvulsant that may be of value for the relief clinical pain. To determine whether gabapentin antinociceptive after spinal administration, drug was given via an intrathecal catheter in doses from 6 to 200 μg/rat 10 min prior intraplantar formalin. Five percent formalin injected subcutaneously right hind paw produced biphasic reaction consisting flinching and licking behaviors (phase 1, 0–10 min; phase 2, 10–60 min). dose-dependently reduced numbers flinches duration...

The antinociceptive effects of the combination spinal morphine and gabapentin were evaluated in tail-flick test rats. intrathecal coadministration a subantinociceptive dose at 0.2 microgram 300 micrograms produced significant antinociception. Pretreatment with shifted dose-response curve to left decrease ED50 value from 1.06 0.34 microgram. by reversed naloxone 30 but not bicuculline 0.3 Furthermore, concurrent administration blocked antinociception, while failed prevent These results...

We developed a mouse model of neuropathic cancer pain by inoculating Meth A sarcoma cells to the immediate proximity sciatic nerve in BALB/c mice. The tumor grows predictably with time and gradually compresses nerve, thereby causing injury. Time courses thermal hyperalgesia mechanical sensitivity von Frey hairs were determined signs spontaneous evaluated. compared this chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, which is widely utilized rat. Furthermore, characterize difference between two...

The present study was designed to evaluate the oral efficacy and bioavailability of ketamine. Antinociceptive determined with rat formalin test by measurement plasma brain concentrations ketamine its major metabolite, norketamine. Oral in a dose range from 30 180 mg/kg or saline given prior intraplantar flinching behavior measured. dose-dependently reduced during phase 2, while 1 only highest given. Following at 100 mg/kg, blood samples were obtained norketamine levels measured using...

The l-isomer of methadone possesses opioid activity, whereas the d-isomer is weak or inactive as an opioid. Both d- and l-methadone have been shown to bind N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. To determine whether d-methadone has functional, in vivo NMDA receptor antagonist antinociceptive effects were evaluated rat tail-flick formalin tests. Cumulative dose-response analysis test revealed ED50 value for intrathecal (spinal) 15.6 microg/rat. In contrast, spinal produced no antinociception...

Oxaliplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, induces dose-limiting neuropathy that compromises quality life. This study aimed to reproduce, in mice, patients' symptoms oxaliplatin-induced and observe effects SS-31, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant on neuropathy.Neuropathy was induced by single or repeated injections oxaliplatin. Cold mechanical hypersensitivities were assessed 15°C-cold plate, temperature preference, von Frey tests. Morphology...

Three terminal cancer patients with severe dyspnea were treated nebulized furosemide. The underlying causes of varied. Twenty milligrams furosemide was and inhaled four times each day. Dyspnea dramatically improved could be controlled for weeks. No noticeable side effects observed. Inhalation seems to an effective useful treatment in patients, but these observations need confirmed a randomized trial.

Several chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer treatment induce dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy that compromises patients' quality of life and limits treatment. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the mechanism chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. SS-20 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide promotes respiration restores bioenergetics. In present study, we examined protective effect against development utilizing murine model induced by oxaliplatin, first-line...

Recent studies suggest that δ-opioid receptors play a role in the development of opioid tolerance and led us to hypothesize highly selective μ-opioid agonists may produce less tolerance. H-2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH₂([Dmt¹]DALDA) has extraordinary selectivity for μ-receptors (<i>K</i>_i^δ/<i>K</i>_i^μ&gt; 14,000). Daily administration [Dmt¹]DALDA (5 times ED₅₀; s.c.) 7 days increased...

Abstract: In order to investigate the efficacy of repeated irradiation low-power helium-neon laser in pain relief, we irradiated 36 outpatients suffering from postherpetic neuralgia. Each patient underwent 20 trials on several points around painful area at a frequency 2 or 3 times week. The end was noticed 88.91, and degree relief 55.3%, which correlated with number trials. These results suggest that He-Ne is an effective safe treatment for

We determined whether the i.t. administration of an 18-mer phosphodiester antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) that reduces expression rat NMDAR1 subunit N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor would affect nociceptive behaviors and prevent development morphine tolerance. Rats received 5 microl saline, 30 nM antisense, or mismatch ODN twice a day for days (NMDA-induced nociception, NMDA-induced thermal hyperalgesia, NR1 mRNA, ligand binding studies) 3 (formalin study). For tolerance study, ODNs...

DALDA (H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH(2)) and [Dmt(1)]DALDA (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH(2)) (Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) are potent highly selective mu-opioid agonists (K(i)(delta)/K(i)(mu) > 10,000 K(i)(kappa)/K(i)(mu) 100). Both peptides carry a 3+ charge at physiological pH. Their antinociceptive respiratory effects were compared with morphine (MOR) after intrathecal administration in rats. [Dmt1]DALDA produced dose-dependent naloxone-reversible relative potencies of 14 3000x that MOR. The potency...

We investigated some neurochemical changes that take place in the spinal cord dorsal horn a mouse model of neuropathic cancer pain. The was produced by inoculation Meth-A sarcoma cells to vicinity sciatic nerve, which resulted growth tumor mass embedding nerve. Hind paw-lifting, behavioral sign spontaneous pain, at maximum on Day 18, but decreased thereafter. decrease likely caused progression motor paralysis. On thermal and mechanical pain thresholds affected paw were significantly...

Abstract Background Sleepiness and decrease in attention are dose-limiting side effects of opioids. The orexin/hypocretin system plays an important role maintaining wakefulness. This study aimed to explore the potential a nonpeptide orexin receptor agonist alleviate morphine-induced sedative effects. Methods Morphine were evaluated as changes electroencephalogram (EEG), locomotor activity, acoustic startle response rats (n = 5 9 per group). Effects intracerebroventricular orexin-A systemic...

The effect of low-power He-Ne laser on synaptic transmission was studied in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion Wistar rats. Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made from isolated ganglia before after irradiation. In addition, effects irradiation skin blood flow observed vivo preparations. Irradiation decreased amplitude evoked compound action potentials extracellular recordings. Intracellular cells revealed that neuronal membrane hyperpolarized, while threshold potential...

In order to investigate the efficacy of low-power He:Ne laser in treatment pain, we irradiated 18 outpatients with severe postherpetic neuralgia. The was evaluated using a four-grade estimation, visual analog scale (VAS), and modified McGill pain questionnaire (m-MPQ) after every 10 as many 50 irradiations. rate estimation at end treatments 94.4%. VAS decreased from 6.2 before irradiation therapy 3.6 treatments, degree relief reduced 44.6% correlated number treatments. total numbers words...

ObjectiveA randomized, crossover, double-blinded placebo-controlled and non-blinded active drug-controlled, comparative clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy safety of sublingual fentanyl tablet.

The effect of low-powered He-Ne lasers (red beam, 632.8 nm, 10.2 mW, and green 543.5 0.44 mW) on hypotonic hemolysis in human red cells was investigated. Red cell solutions (0.9% NaCl, pH 7.00) were centrifuged the sediments irradiated with or beam for 0 (control), 1,3,5,7,10,15 30 minutes. Each 40 samples transferred into solution (0.405% 7.00). After leaving at room temperature 10 minutes, optical density every suspension measured spectrophotomechanically a wavelength 545 nm to determine...