Fungi transcriptionally upregulate expression of azole efflux pumps and ergosterol biosynthesis pathway genes when exposed to antifungal agents that target biosynthesis. To date, these transcriptional responses have been shown be dependent on the presence azoles and/or depletion ergosterol. Using an inducible promoter regulate Neurospora crassa erg11, which encodes major target, sterol 14α-demethylase, we were able demonstrate CDR4 pump can activated by inhibition even in absence azoles. By...

Mushrooms are sources of food and medicine provide abundant nutrients bioactive compounds. However, most the edible mushrooms cannot be cultivated commercially due to limited understanding basidioma development. From winter mushroom ( Flammulina velutipes ; also known as Enokitake), one commonly mushrooms, we identified a novel transcription factor, PDD1, positively regulating PDD1 increases expression during Artificially increasing its promoted formation dramatically increased yield, while...

Conidiation and sexual development are critical for reproduction, dispersal better-adapted survival in many filamentous fungi. The Neurospora crassa gene ada-6 encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6-type transcription factor, whose deletion resulted reduced conidial production female sterility. In this study, we confirmed the positive contribution of to conidiation by detailed phenotypic characterization its mutant complemented mutant. To understand regulatory mechanisms ADA-6 development, transcriptomic...

The synthesis and regulation of ergosterol are vital for fungal growth stress adaptation. While ergosterol-mediated feedback is a recognized mechanism controlling sterol biosynthesis in fungi, prior research suggests the presence additional regulatory mechanisms. However, specifics alternative mechanisms have not been systematically investigated. We proposed that network likely to discern disturbances trigger responses accordingly. This study aimed validate hypothesis investigate...

Velvet-domain-containing proteins are broadly distributed within the fungal kingdom. In corn pathogen Fusarium verticillioides, previous studies showed that velvet protein F. verticillioides VE1 (FvVE1) is critical for morphological development, colony hydrophobicity, toxin production, and pathogenicity. this study, tandem affinity purification of FvVE1 revealed can form a complex with VelB (FvVelB) FvVelC. Phenotypic characterization gene knockout mutants that, as in case FvVE1, FvVelB...

Abstract Arthrobotrys oligospora is a typical nematode-trapping fungus capturing free-living nematodes by adhesive networks. Component of the low-affinity calcium uptake system (LACS) has been documented to involve in growth and sexual development filamentous fungi. Bioassay showed incapacity trap formation A . on Water Agar plate containing 1 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) due Ca 2+ absorbing block. The functions homologous proteins ( AoFIG_1 AoFIG_2 ) LACS were examined...

Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are two closely related phyla fungi in share some common morphological developmental process during fruiting body formation. In Neurospora crassa, the Gβ-like protein CPC-2 with a seven-WD40 repeat domain was previously reported. By transforming ortholog encoding genes, from 7 different fungal species across Basidiomycota, into cpc-2 deletion mutant of N. we demonstrate that all tested genes were able to complement defects sexual development, indicating proteins...

Tight control of the intracellular uracil level is believed to be important reduce occurrence incorporation into DNA. The pyrG gene Aspergillus nidulans encodes orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which catalyzes conversion monophosphate (OMP) uridine (UMP). In this study, we found that critical for maintaining at a low concentration in A. cells presence exogenous uracil. Excess and its derivatives had stronger inhibitory effect on growth pyrG89 mutant with defective OMP decarboxylase...

Antifungal azoles are the most widely used antifungal drugs in clinical and agricultural practice. Fungi can mount adaptive responses to azole stress by modifying transcript levels of many genes, responsive mechanisms basis for fungi develop resistance. In this study, we identified a new Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor, ADS-1, with positive regulatory function transcriptional model filamentous fungal species Neurospora crassa Under ketoconazole (KTC) stress, ads-1 level was significantly...

ABSTRACT The widespread use of azole antifungals in agriculture and clinical settings has led to serious drug resistance. Overexpression the target 14α-demethylase ERG11 (CYP51) is most common fungal resistance mechanism. However, presence additional regulatory proteins transcriptional response erg11 not yet fully elucidated. In this study, leveraging identified key promoter region that controls its azoles Neurospora crassa , we pinpointed a protein, Crf4-3, which harbors PWWP domain exerts...

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways function as signaling hubs that are integral for many essential cellular processes, including sexual development. The molecular mechanisms and cross-talk between PR CWI MAP have been extensively studied during asexual However, if these can be extended to development remains elusive. By analyzing genome-wide transcriptional responses deletion of each two coding genes mak-2 (PR-MAP pathway) mak-1 (CWI-MAP in Neurospora crassa protoperithecium...

Antifungal resistance, particularly the rise of multidrug-resistance strains, poses a significant public health threat. In this study, study identifies novel gene, msp-8, encoding helicase, through experimental evolution with Neurospora crassa as model. Deletion msp-8 conferred multidrug resistance in N. crassa, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium verticillioides. However, transcript levels genes known drug targets or efflux pumps remain unaltered deletion. Interestingly, MSP-8 interacted...

Antifungal resistance is increasing worldwide, especially to the most widely used azole class of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, making control fungal infections more challenging. A lot effort has been expended in elucidating mechanism and revealing potential antifungal targets.

Multidrug resistance, defined as the resistance to multiple drugs in different categories, has been an increasing serious problem. Limited antifungal and rapid emergence of prompt a thorough understanding how occurrence multidrug develops which mechanisms are involved. In this study, experimental evolution was performed under single-azole-drug stress with model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. By about 30 weeks continuous growth on agar plates containing ketoconazole or voriconazole...