A5080712147- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- RNA regulation and disease
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Immune cells in cancer
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- RNA Research and Splicing
The University of Melbourne
2016-2025
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
2016-2025
The Royal Melbourne Hospital
2015-2025
Hunter Medical Research Institute
2023
John Hunter Hospital
2021-2023
University of Tasmania
2009-2023
Queensland University of Technology
2023
Cleveland BioLabs (United States)
2023
Melbourne Clinic
2022
Melbourne Health
2019-2022
<b>Background: </b> There is no consensus method for determining progression of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) when each patient has had only a single assessment the course disease. <b>Methods: Using data from two large longitudinal databases, authors tested whether cross-sectional assessments are representative disease severity as whole. An algorithm, Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), which relates scores on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to...
<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine whether past high sun exposure is associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis. <b>Design</b> Population based case-control study. <b>Setting</b> Tasmania, latitudes 41-3°S. <b>Participants</b> 136 cases sclerosis and 272 controls randomly drawn from the community matched on sex year birth. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Multiple defined by both clinical magnetic resonance imaging criteria. <b>Results</b> Higher when aged 6-15 years (average...
Cells of neuronal morphology, expressing the 150- and 200-kDa neurofilament proteins, were generated in vitro from populations neural cells dissociated adult (greater than 60-day-old) mouse brain. Most these neurons arose dividing precursors, as demonstrated by incorporation [3H]thymidine during culture period autoradiography. Neuronal production was optimal under conditions which precursors initially stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor then exposed to medium conditioned an...
This study evaluated the gait and balance performance of two clinically distinct groups recently diagnosed minimally impaired multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale range 0-2.5), compared to control subjects. Ten MS with mild pyramidal signs (Pyramidal Functional Systems 1.0), 10 no 0) 20 age- gender-matched subjects were assessed using laboratory-based analysis clinical measures. Both demonstrated reduced speed stride length (P < 0.001), prolonged double limb...
<h3>Objectives:</h3> To examine whether past and recent sun exposure vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] levels) are associated with risk of first demyelinating events (FDEs) to evaluate the contribution these factors latitudinal gradient in FDE incidence Australia. <h3>Methods:</h3> This was a multicenter incident case-control study. Cases (n = 216) were aged 18–59 years resident within one 4 Australian centers (from latitudes 27°S 43°S), from November 1, 2003, December 31,...
Mounting evidence suggests that neuronal activity influences myelination, potentially allowing for experience-driven modulation of neural circuitry. The degree to which is capable regulating myelination at the individual axon level unclear. Here we demonstrate stimulation somatosensory axons in mouse brain increases proliferation and differentiation oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) within underlying white matter. Stimulated display an increased probability being myelinated compared...
Parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (pOPCs) are considered the principal cell type responsible for oligodendrogenesis and remyelinaton in demyelinating diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that neural precursor (NPCs) from adult subventricular zone (SVZ) can also generate new oligodendrocytes after demyelination. However, relative contribution of NPCs versus pOPCs to remyelination is unknown. We used vivo genetic fate mapping assess behavior each within corpus callosi (CCs)...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. There were 33 335 people with MS in Australia 2021 2917 New Zealand 2006 prevalence incidence are increasing time. Although new treatments have substantially improved outcomes recent decades, treatment landscape has become increasingly complex due to expanding number disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) associated safety considerations. A total 80 consensus recommendations...
Members of the Eph family tyrosine kinase receptors have been implicated in regulation developmental processes and, particular, axon guidance developing nervous system. The function EphA4 (Sek1) receptor was explored through creation a null mutant mouse. Mice with mutation gene are viable and fertile but gross motor dysfunction, which is evidenced by loss coordination limb movement resultant hopping, kangaroo-like gait. Consistent observed phenotype, anatomical studies anterograde tracing...
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and epidermal factor (EGF) have both been reported to stimulate precursors in the developing CNS. To clarify these effects, we used clonal analysis determine lineage potential of stimulated with each factor, at two stages development. It was found that cells isolated from cerebrum embryonic day 17 (E17) mice, FGF-2 a multipotential precursor, which gave rise neurons astrocytes, committed glial precursor. In contrast, EGF only restricted Thus, it appears...
The development of Schwann cells, the myelin-forming glial cells vertebrate peripheral nervous system, involves a neonatal phase proliferation in which migrate along and segregate newly formed axons. Withdrawal from cell cycle, around postnatal days 2-4 rodents, initiates terminal differentiation to myelinating state. During this time, number is subject stringent regulation such that within first week, axons attain one-to-one relationship characteristic mature nerve. mechanisms underly...
The extracellular factors that are responsible for inducing myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) remain elusive. We investigated whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated, by first confirming BDNF heterozygous mice exhibit delayed CNS during early postnatal development. next established influence of upon was direct, acting on oligodendrocytes, using co-cultures dorsal root ganglia neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Importantly, we found retains its...
Although the transcription factors required for generation of oligodendrocytes and CNS myelination during development have been relatively well established, it is not known whether continued expression same maintenance myelin in adult. Here, we use an inducible conditional knock-out strategy to investigate oligodendrocyte recently identified factor gene regulatory (MRF) maintain integrity adult CNS. Genetic ablation MRF mature within resulted a delayed but severe demyelination, with clinical...
<h3>Objective:</h3> Higher latitude, lower ultraviolet exposure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) correlate with higher multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence, relapse rate, mortality. We therefore evaluated the effects of high-dose vitamin D2 (D2) in MS. <h3>Methods:</h3> Adults clinically active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were randomized to 6 months9 double-blind placebo-controlled D2, 6,000 IU capsules, dose adjusted empirically aiming for a 25OHD 130–175 nM. All received daily...
Background: Several studies have shown that pregnancy reduces multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses, which increase in the early postpartum period. Postpartum relapse risk has been predicted by pre-pregnancy disease activity some studies. Objective: To re-examine effect of on relapses using large international MSBase Registry, examining predictors relapse. Methods: An observational case–control study was performed including pregnancies post-MS onset. Annualised rate (ARR) and median Expanded...
The aim of this work was to evaluate sex differences in the incidence multiple sclerosis relapses; assess relationship between and primary progressive disease course; compare effects age duration on relapse incidence. Annualized rates were calculated using MSBase registry. Patients with incomplete data or <1 year follow-up excluded. only included ratio analysis. Relapse incidences over 40 years 70 compared females males Andersen-Gill Tweedie models. Female-to-male ratios stratified by annual...
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in regulating CNS myelination. BDNF mutant mice exhibit a hypomyelinating phenotype, and exerts distinct effects upon oligodendroglial proliferation, differentiation, myelination vitro . To investigate the precise influence that vivo , we have generated conditional knock-out which TrkB deleted specifically oligodendrocytes. Deletion of disrupted normal oligodendrocyte myelination, resulting significant reduction...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with a genetic component, caused at least in part by aberrant lymphocyte activity. The whole blood mRNA transcriptome was measured for 99 untreated MS patients: 43 primary progressive MS, 20 secondary 36 relapsing remitting and 45 age-matched healthy controls. ANZgene Sclerosis Genetics Consortium genotyped more than 300 000 SNPs 115 of these samples. Transcription from genes on translational regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, immune...
<h3>Objective:</h3> To examine the association between past pregnancy, offspring number, and first clinical demyelination risk. <h3>Methods:</h3> Cases (n = 282) were aged 18–59 years with a diagnosis of CNS (first demyelinating event [FCD]) resident within 1 4 Australian centers (from latitudes 27° south to 43° south) from 2003 2006. Controls 542) matched cases on age, sex, study region, without demyelination. <h3>Results:</h3> Higher number was associated FCD risk among women (<i>p</i>...