A5050225100- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Noise Effects and Management
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Digital Games and Media
- Transportation Planning and Optimization
- Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Global Health Care Issues
- Sports Analytics and Performance
- African history and culture analysis
- Australian History and Society
- Traffic and Road Safety
- Scottish History and National Identity
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
University of Washington
2016-2025
Seattle University
2019-2024
University of Minnesota
2008-2017
University of Minnesota System
2010-2015
University of British Columbia
2006-2012
North Carolina State University
2012
Grantmakers for Effective Organizations
2004-2012
Twin Cities Orthopedics
2011
Institute of Health Services and Policy Research
2007
University of California, Berkeley
2002-2005
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has a large and well-documented global burden of disease. Our analysis uses high-resolution (10 km, global-coverage) concentration data cause-specific integrated exposure-response (IER) functions developed for the Global Burden Disease 2010 to assess how regional improvements in ambient air quality could reduce attributable mortality from PM2.5. Overall, an aggressive program PM2.5 mitigation line with WHO interim guidelines avoid 750 000 (23%) 3.2...
Rationale: Tropospheric ozone (O3) is potentially associated with cardiovascular disease risk and premature death. Results from long-term epidemiological studies on O3 are scarce inconclusive.Objectives: In this study, we examined associations between chronic ambient exposure all-cause cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of U.S. adults.Methods: Cancer Prevention Study II participants were enrolled 1982. A total 669,046 analyzed, among whom 237,201 deaths occurred through 2004. We...
Air pollution affects billions of people worldwide, yet ambient measurements are limited for much the world. Urban air concentrations vary sharply over short distances (≪1 km) owing to unevenly distributed emission sources, dilution, and physicochemical transformations. Accordingly, even where present, conventional fixed-site monitoring methods lack spatial resolution needed characterize heterogeneous human exposures localized hotspots. Here, we demonstrate a measurement approach reveal...
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposure is the largest environmental health risk factor in United States. Here, we link PM2.5 to human activities responsible for pollution. We use these results explore "pollution inequity": difference between damage caused by a racial-ethnic group and that experiences. show that, States, disproportionately consumption of goods services mainly non-Hispanic white majority, but inhaled black Hispanic minorities. On average, whites experience...
Nearly all major emission categories contribute to the systemic PM 2.5 exposure disparity experienced by people of color.
We describe spatial patterns in environmental injustice and inequality for residential outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations the contiguous United States. Our approach employs Census demographic data a recently published high-resolution dataset of NO2 concentrations. Nationally, population-weighted mean are 4.6 ppb (38%, p<0.01) higher nonwhites than whites. The health implications that concentration disparity compelling. For example, we estimate reducing nonwhites' to levels...
Communities of color in the United States are systematically exposed to higher levels air pollution. We explore here how redlining, a discriminatory mortgage appraisal practice from 1930s by federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), relates present-day intraurban pollution disparities 202 U.S. cities. In each city, we integrated three sources data: (1) detailed HOLC security maps investment risk grades [A ("best"), B, C, and D ("hazardous", i.e., redlined)], (2) year-2010 estimates NO2...
Background: Few studies have investigated air pollution exposure disparities by race/ethnicity and income across criteria pollutants, locations, or time. Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify throughout the contiguous United States for six during period 1990 2010. Methods: We quantified among racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic (any race), Asian) multiple spatial units (contiguous States, states, urban vs. rural areas) years (1990, 2000,...
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified both outdoor air pollution and airborne particulate matter as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) lung cancer. There may be associations with cancer at other sites; however, the epidemiological evidence is limited.The aim of this study was clarify whether ambient associated specific types than by examining nonlung death in Prevention Study II (CPS-II).Analysis included 623,048 CPS-II participants who were followed 22 y (1982-2004)....
Significance Our assessment of the life cycle air quality impacts on human health 10 alternatives to conventional gasoline vehicles finds that electric (EVs) powered by electricity from natural gas or wind, water, solar power are best for improving quality, whereas corn ethanol and EVs coal worst. This work advances current debate over environmental versus alternative transportation options combining detailed spatially temporally explicit emissions inventories with state-of-the-science...
Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) air pollution has been recognized as a major source of mortality in the United States for at least 25 years, yet much remains unknown about which sources are most harmful, let alone how best to target policies mitigate them. Such efforts can be improved by employing high-resolution geographically explicit methods quantifying human health impacts emissions PM and its precursors. Here, we provide detailed examination economic linking emission with resulting...
E-bikes in China are the single largest adoption of alternative fuel vehicles history, with more than 100 million e-bikes purchased past decade and vehicle ownership about 2× larger for as conventional cars; e-car sales, too, rapidly growing. We compare emissions (CO(2), PM(2.5), NO(X), HC) environmental health impacts (primary PM(2.5)) from use (CVs) electric (EVs) 34 major cities China. CO(2) (g km(-1)) vary an order magnitude greater e-cars (135-274) CVs (150-180) (14-27). PM(2.5)...
Land Use Regression (LUR) models typically use fixed-site monitoring; here, we employ mobile monitoring as a cost-effective alternative for LUR development. We bicycle-based, measurements (∼85 h) during rush-hour in Minneapolis, MN to build particulate concentrations (particle number [PN], black carbon [BC], fine matter [PM2.5], particle size). developed and examined 1224 separate by varying pollutant, time-of-day, method of spatial temporal smoothing the time-series data. Our base-case had...
Mechanistic air pollution modeling is essential in quality management, yet the extensive expertise and computational resources required to run most models prevent their use many situations where results would be useful. Here, we present InMAP (Intervention Model for Air Pollution), which offers an alternative comprehensive estimating health impacts of emission reductions other potential interventions. estimates annual-average changes primary secondary fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations-the...
Nitrogen dioxide is a common air pollutant with growing evidence of health impacts independent other pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. However, the worldwide distribution NO2 exposure associated on still largely uncertain. To advance global estimates we created nitrogen (NO2) land use regression model for 2011 using annual measurements from 5,220 monitors in 58 countries. The captured 54% variation, mean absolute error 3.7 ppb. Regional performance varied R2 = 0.42 (Africa) to...
Background: Evidence indicates that air pollution contributes to cardiopulmonary mortality. There is ongoing debate regarding the size and shape of pollution–mortality exposure–response relationship. are also growing appeals for estimates relationships use public data based on large, representative study cohorts. Objectives: Our goal was evaluate fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mortality using a large cohort U.S. population data. Additional objectives included exploring model sensitivity,...
Disparities in exposure to air pollution by race-ethnicity and socioeconomic status have been documented the United States, but impacts of declining transportation-related pollutant emissions on disparities not studied detail.
Air pollution measurements collected through systematic mobile monitoring campaigns can provide outdoor concentration data at high spatial resolution. We explore approaches to minimize requirements for mapping a city's air quality using monitors with "data-only" versus predictive modeling approaches. equipped two Google Street View cars 1-Hz instruments collect nitric oxide (NO) and black carbon (BC) in Oakland, CA. strategies efficiently patterns Monte Carlo analyses. First, we approach...
Significance Poor air quality is the largest environmental health risk in United States and worldwide, agriculture a major source of pollution. Nevertheless, has been largely absent from discussions about impacts food. We estimate quality–related States, finding that 80% 15,900 annual deaths result food-related fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution are attributable to animal-based foods. By estimating these exploring how reduce them, this work fills critical knowledge gap. Our results...
National-scale empirical models for air pollution can include hundreds of geographic variables. The impact model parsimony (i.e., how performance differs a large versus small number covariates) has not been systematically explored. We aim to (1) build annual-average integrated (IEG) regression the contiguous U.S. six criteria pollutants during 1979-2015; (2) explore on variables selected inclusion in model; and (3) provide publicly available predictions. compute concentrations from...
Significance It is known, to researchers and heavily impacted communities, that people of color face a higher average burden air pollution. was unknown whether racial/ethnic disparities were caused by spatial heterogeneities at the level city blocks, neighborhoods, or urban regions. Our approach leverages unique set highly local observations, covering every block 13 cities districts are home 450,000 people. We find even for pollutants with steep localized gradients, differences in outdoor...