The green algae represent a large group of morphologically diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes that occupy virtually every photic habitat on the planet. extracellular coverings including cell walls are also diverse. A recent surge research in algal fueled by new emerging technologies has revealed and critical insight concerning these coverings. For example, late divergent taxa Charophycean Green Algae possess containing assemblages polymers with notable similarity to cellulose, pectins,...

Fucoidans from brown macroalgae (brown seaweeds) have different structures and many interesting bioactivities. are classically extracted seaweeds by hot acidic extraction. Here, we report a new targeted enzyme-assisted methodology for fucoidan extraction seaweeds. This protocol involves one-step combined use of commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic®CTec2) an alginate lyase Sphingomonas sp. (SALy), reaction at pH 6.0, 40 °C, removal non-fucoidan polysaccharides Ca2+ precipitation,...

The evolution of land flora was an epochal event in the history planet Earth. success plants, and especially flowering colonizing all but most hostile environments required multiple mechanisms adaptation. mainly polysaccharide-based cell walls which are indispensable for water transport structural support, one important adaptations to life on land. Thus, development vasculature is regarded as a seminal wall evolution, impact further refinements diversification compositions architectures...

Plant cell walls display a considerable degree of diversity in their compositions and molecular architectures. In some cases the functional significance particular wall type appears to be easy discern: secondary cells are often reinforced with lignin that provides durability; thin pollen tubes have enable tip growth; lupin seed characteristically thickened galactan used as storage polysaccharide. However, more frequently evolutionary mechanisms selection pressures underpin evolution unclear....

The charophyte green algae (CGA) are thought to be the closest living relatives land plants, and ancestral CGA were unique in giving rise plant lineage. cell wall has been suggested a defining structure that enabled algal ancestor colonize land. These walls provide support protection, source of signalling molecules, developmental cues for differentiation elongation. plants is highly complex fibre composite, characterized by cellulose cross-linked non-cellulosic polysaccharides, such as...

This paper describes the discovery of novel α-L-fucosidases and evaluation their potential to catalyse transglycosylation reaction leading production fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides. Seven α-L-fucosidase-encoding genes were identified by functional screening a soil-derived metagenome library expressed in E. coli as recombinant 6xHis-tagged proteins. All seven fucosidases belong glycosyl hydrolase family 29 (GH 29). Six substrate-inhibited, moderately thermostable most hydrolytically...

Fucoidans are polysaccharides from brown macroalgae, showing multiple bioactivities important for bone regeneration and health. However, the use of fucoidans in medical applications remains sparse due to heterogeneity their chemical properties unclear structure-function relationships. Innovations extraction techniques post processing steps needed produce homogeneous fucoidan molecules with tailorable bioactivities. Here, we applied enzyme-assisted coupled enzymatic hydrolysis by Fhf1...

Heavy metal pumps (P1B-ATPases) are important for cellular heavy homeostasis. AtHMA4, an Arabidopsis thaliana pump of importance plant Zn2+ nutrition, has extended C-terminal domain containing 13 cysteine pairs and a terminal stretch 11 histidines. Using novel size-exclusion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry approach we report that the AtHMA4 is high affinity Cd2+ chelator with capacity to bind 10 ions per C terminus. When expressed in Zn2+-sensitive zrc1 cot1...

Heavy metal transporters belonging to the P1B-ATPase subfamily of P-type ATPases are key players in cellular heavy homeostasis. In this study we investigated properties HvHMA1, which is a barley orthologue Arabidopsis thaliana AtHMA1 localized chloroplast envelope. HvHMA1 was periphery leaves and intracellular compartments grain aleurone cells. expression significantly higher grains compared leaves. leaves, moderately induced by Zn deficiency, but reduced toxic levels Zn, Cu Cd. Isolated...

Abstract The charophycean green algae (CGA or basal streptophytes) are of particular evolutionary significance because their ancestors gave rise to land plants. One outstanding feature these is that cell walls exhibit remarkable similarities those Xyloglucan (XyG) a major structural component the most plants and was originally thought be absent in CGA. This study presents evidence XyG evolved based on a) identification orthologs genetic machinery produce XyG, b) range CGA and, c) elucidation...

The adhesion of plant cells is vital for support and protection the body maintained by a variety molecular associations between cell wall components. In some specialized cases, though, are programmed to detach, root cap-derived border examples this. Border (in species known as border-like cells) provide an expendable barrier roots environment. Their maturation release important but poorly characterized separation event. To gain deeper insight into complex cellular dynamics underlying this...

Fucoidans are complex bioactive sulfated fucosyl-polysaccharides primarily found in brown macroalgae. Endo-fucoidanases catalyze the specific hydrolysis of α-L-fucosyl linkages fucoidans and can be utilized to tailor-make fucoidan oligosaccharides elucidate new structural details fucoidans. In this study, an endo-α(1,3)-fucoidanase encoding gene, Mef2, from marine bacterium Muricauda eckloniae, was cloned, Mef2 protein functionally characterized. Based on primary sequence, suggested belong...

Fucoidanases are endo-fucoidanases (also known as endo-fucanases) that catalyze hydrolysis of α-glycosidic linkages in fucoidans, a family sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides primarily found the cell walls brown seaweeds. promising tools for producing bioactive fucoidan oligosaccharides range biomedical applications. High sulfation degree has been linked to high bioactivity fucoidans. In this study, novel fucoidanase, Fhf2, was identified genome aerobic, Gram-negative marine bacterium...

Fucoidans from brown macroalgae have beneficial biomedical properties but their use as pharma products requires homogenous oligomeric products. In this study, the action of five recombinant microbial fucoidan degrading enzymes were evaluated on fucoidans macroalgae:

Fucoidans from brown macroalgae are sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides, that have several beneficial biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Controlled enzymatic depolymerization of the fucoidan backbone can help produce homogeneous, defined products for structure-function research pharmaceutical uses. However, only a few endo-fucoidanases been described. This article reports genome-based discovery, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli,...

Fucoidans from brown seaweeds are promising substances as potential drugs against age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The heterogeneity of fucoidans requires intensive research in order to find suitable species and extraction methods. Ten different fucoidan samples extracted enzymatically Laminaria digitata (LD), Saccharina latissima (SL) Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens (FE) were tested for toxicity, oxidative stress protection VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibition. For...

Endo-fucoidanases, including EC 3.2.1.211 endo-α-1,3-L-fucanase and 3.2.1.212 endo-α-1,4-L-fucanase activities, catalyze depolymerization of fucoidans - a group bioactive, sulfated fucosyl-polysaccharides found primarily in brown macroalgae (brown seaweeds). Quantitative assessment endo-fucoidanase activity is critical for characterizing kinetics comparing the action different endo-fucoidanases on types fucoidans. However, current state-of-the-art assay consists qualitative based...

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, is an essential process for successful bone regeneration. Further, angiogenesis a key factor development bone-related disorders like osteosarcoma or arthritis. Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides brown algae, have been shown to affect as well series other physiological processes including inflammation infection. However, chemical properties fucoidan which define biological activity vary tremendously, making prediction...

Abstract Fucoidans are sulfated, fucose-rich marine polysaccharides primarily found in cell walls of brown seaweeds (macroalgae). known to possess beneficial bioactivities depending on their structure and sulfation degree. Here, we report the first functional characterization crystal a prokaryotic sulfatase, PsFucS1, belonging sulfatase subfamily S1_13, able release sulfate from fucoidan oligosaccharides. PsFucS1 was identified genome Pseudoalteromonas sp. isolated sea cucumber gut. (57 kDa)...

Ulvan, a sulfated heteropolysaccharide with structural and functional properties of interest for various uses, was extracted from the green seaweed Ulva papenfussii. U. papenfussii is an unexplored species found in South China Sea along central coast Vietnam. Based on dry weight, ulvan yield ~15% (w/w) had sulfate content 13.4 wt%. The compositional constitution encompassed L-Rhamnose (Rhap), D-Xylose (Xylp), D-Glucuronic acid (GlcAp), L-Iduronic (IdoAp), D-Galactose (Galp), D-Glucose (Glcp)...

Fucoidanases (EC 3.2.1.–) catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds between fucose residues in fucoidans. Fucoidans are a compositionally and structurally diverse class fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides that primarily found brown seaweeds. Here, structural characterization novel endo-α(1,4)-fucoidanase, Mef1, from marine bacterium Muricauda eckloniae is presented, showing sequence similarity to members glycoside hydrolase family 107. Using carbohydrate polyacrylamide gel...