A5083451202- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Plant and animal studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Marine animal studies overview
- Global Health Care Issues
- Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Health disparities and outcomes
University of Amsterdam
2015-2024
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2013-2024
Institute for Biodiversity
2017-2024
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
2009-2019
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
2019
Warner Pacific College
2006
University of California, Santa Barbara
2004
Universitat de Barcelona
2000
University of Alicante
2000
Office of Naval Research
1997
Management of many species is currently based on an inadequate understanding their population dynamics. Lack age—specific demographic information, particularly for long—lived iteroparous species, has impeded development useful models. We use Lefkovitch stage class matrix model, preliminary life table developed by Frazer (1983), to point interim management measures and identify those data most critical refining our knowledge about the dynamics threatened loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta...
A fundamental characteristic of any biological invasion is the speed at which geographic range population expands. This determined by both growth and dispersal. We construct a discrete-time model for invasions that couples matrix models (for growth) with integrodifference equations dispersal). captures important facts individuals differ in their vital rates dispersal abilities, these differences are often age, size, or developmental stage. For an class equations, we demonstrate how to...
The relation of community structure to function is the subject much ecological theorizing. Three approaches problem, based on cybernetics, control theory, and niche can be identified. They concur in giving biological interactions a major role determination general, species diversity particular. To examine this body I use "neutral" model for development, which eliminates completely question. Comparison patterns resulting from with natural communities provides an estimate effect biotic...
There is now convincing evidence, from a variety of ecological systems, that predation capable maintaining coexistence among set competing prey species, some which would be excluded in its absence. This interaction has been suggested as major factor determining the structure communities, but attempts to incorporate it into mathematical framework population theory have frustrating. Although possibility predator-mediated easily shown, parameter-space studies simple three-species models suggest...
Demographic perturbation analysis explores how population statistics (especially growth rate λ) respond to changes in the vital rates (survival, growth, development, reproduction, and so on). Perturbation is used two logically distinct ways. Prospective analyses (sensitivity elasticity) explore functional dependence of λ on rates. They predict that would result from any specified change are independent previous patterns variability Retrospective (life table response experiment [LTRE] methods...
Elasticity analysis is a useful tool in conservation biology. The relative impacts of proportional changes fertility, juvenile survival, and adult survival on asymptotic population growth λ (where ln(λ) = r, the intrinsic rate increase) are determined by vital rates (survival, growth, fertility), which also define life history characteristics species or population. Because we do not have good demographic information for most threatened populations, it to categorize according their related...
Resilience is a component of ecological stability; it assessed as the rate at which perturbations to stable system decay. The most frequently used estimate resilience based on eigenvalues its equilibrium. In cases, this describes recovery only asymptotically, time goes infinity. However, in short term, can grow significantly before they decay, and provide no information about transient behavior. We present several new measures response that complement description perturbation. These indices...
Fitness is a vague, poorly developed concept in ecology and evolutionary biology. Although it generally recognized that fitness determined by the complete survival reproductive schedules of individual organisms, experimental studies have rarely attempted to integrate these into single measure fitness. Instead, particularly natural selection, components are measured as surrogates for In this article, we develop an integrated based on philosophical underpinnings provided notion propensity...
Mathematical models are developed to examine the population—level response of an herbaceous plant species (teasel, Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.) which was experimentally introduced into several habitats and monitored for 5 yr. Models based on morphological stages (size) rather than chronological age give more satisfactory results. Populations growth rates (λ m ) range from 0.63 2.60, likely typical fugitive plants. Values interpreted as responses both external internal factors. Grass litter,...
Abstract Short‐term, transient population dynamics can differ in important ways from long‐term asymptotic dynamics. Just as perturbation analysis (sensitivity and elasticity) of the growth rate reveals effects vital rates on growth, reveal determinants short‐term patterns. In this article, I present a completely new approach to sensitivity elasticity analysis, using methods matrix calculus. Unlike previous methods, applies not only linear time‐invariant models but also time‐varying,...
Summary Schedules of survival, growth and reproduction are key life‐history traits. Data on how these traits vary among species populations fundamental to our understanding the ecological conditions that have shaped plant evolution. Because demographic schedules determine population or decline, such data help us understand different biomes shape ecology, communities respond global change develop successful management tools for endangered invasive species. Matrix models summarize life cycle...
The survival of North Atlantic right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ) is seriously threatened by mortality caused ships and entanglements in fishing gear. Demographic modeling indicates that the population declining despite efforts to reduce anthropogenic mortalities, spite recent increases calving. authors this Policy Forum recommend immediate emergency management actions shipping entanglement mortalities whales, so as avoid a catastrophic decline inevitable extinction.
Killer whales live in stable social groups, called "pods." It has been suggested that the structure of such groups may influence vital rates, and hence fitness, their members. To test this suggestion we used data from a long—term study killer Pacific Northwest (Bigg et al. 1990). We constructed stage—classified matrix population models for entire population, two sub—populations, individuals pods. The growth rate is λ = 1.0254, with 90% bootstrap confidence interval 1.0178 to 1.0322. mean...
Although much life-history theory assumes otherwise, most traits exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental factors during development. Plasticity has long been recognized as a potentially important factor evolution, is known be under genetic control, and may or not adaptive. The notion of adaptive contrasts with the idea that developmental homeostasis major evolutionary goal. conflict was resolved principle by Ashby's cybernetic analysis homeostasis, which showed how...