Macrophage polarization plays essential and diverse roles in most diseases, such as atherosclerosis, adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance. Homeostasis dysfunction M1/M2 macrophage causes pathological conditions inflammation. Neuroinflammation is characterized by microglial activation the concomitant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to numerous neurodegenerative diseases psychiatric disorders. Decreased neuroinflammation can be obtained using natural compounds,...

Increased need for glycolysis and glucose uptake ATP production is observed in tumor cells, particularly cells lacking of oxygen supply. Because transported from blood to tumor, molecules must be delivered across transporters the vascular endothelium cells. Here we found that glioma suffered hypoxic insults can secrete factor(s) regulate transporter expression brain endothelium. It was conditioned medium rat C6 under hypoxia up-regulated type 1 (GLUT1) endothelial whereas normoxia caused no...

Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells form the anatomical basis of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and tight junctions BBB are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis low permeability. Ischemia/reperfusion is known to damage lead permeability changes. Here we investigated protective role 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), against chemical hypoxia hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced hyperpermeability using adult rat cell culture (ARBEC). YC-1 significantly decreased...

Glioma is the most common primary adult brain tumor with poor prognosis because of ease spreading cells to other regions brain. Cell apoptosis frequently targeted for developing anti-cancer drugs. In present study, we have assessed wogonin, a flavonoid compound isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, induced ROS generation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell apoptosis. Wogonin death in two different human glioma cells, such as U251 U87 but not astrocytes (IC 50 > 100 μM)....

Microglial activation has been widely demonstrated to mediate inflammatory processes that are crucial in several neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmaceuticals can deliver direct inhibitory effects on microglia therefore considered as a potential strategy counter balance progression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), natural phenol honeybee propolis, is known possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Accordingly, the current study intended probe of CAPE by using...

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with limited treatment options and a worse clinical outcome compared other subtypes. Doxorubicin considered to be one of the most effective agents in TNBC. Unfortunately, resistance this agent common. In some drug-resistant cells, drug efflux mediated by adenosine triphosphate-dependent membrane transporter termed triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, which can drive substrates across membranes against...

Leptin, the product of obese gene, plays an important role in regulation body weight by coordinating metabolism, feeding behavior, energy balance, and neuroendocrine responses. However, leptin gene expression central nervous system is different from that adipocytes. In addition, has been found many tumor cell lines shown to have mitogenic angiogenic activity a number types. Glioma most common primary adult brain with poor prognosis because spreading other regions easily. Here we malignant C6...

Fulvestrant is a representative pure antiestrogen and Selective Estrogen Receptor Down-regulator (SERD). In contrast to the Modulators (SERMs) such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen that bind estrogen receptor α (ERα) antagonists or partial agonists, fulvestrant causes proteasomal degradation of ERα protein, shutting down signaling induce proliferation arrest apoptosis estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. We performed genome-wide RNAi knockdown screenings for protein kinases required...

Background/Objective Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker that has been widely used to control blood pressure in severe hypertension following events such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, accumulating evidence suggests inflammatory processes the central nervous system are mediated by microglial activation play important roles neurodegeneration, effect of nicardipine on remains unresolved. Methodology/Principal Findings In present study,...

Malignant gliomas are associated with high morbidity and mortality because they highly invasive into surrounding brain tissue, making complete surgical resection impossible. Osteopontin is abundantly expressed in the involved cell adhesion, migration, invasion. The aim of present study was to investigate mechanisms glioma migration. Migration invasion activity were determined by transwell wound-healing assays. Gene protein expressions analyzed reverse transcription-PCR, real time-PCR,...

Imperatorin is one of the furanocoumarin derivatives and exists in many medicinal herbs with anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antihypertensive activities. In this study, we examined anti-inflammatory effects imperatorin on inflammation-associated lung diseases. reduced iNOS COX-2 expression also IL-6 TNFα production enhanced by zymosan. inhibited signaling pathways JAK/STAT NF-κB. Moreover, vivo study revealed that zymosan-induced immune cell infiltration, pulmonary fibrosis, edema were...

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix many kinds tissues. Here we found that hypoxia increased MMP‐13 protein and mRNA levels primary rat astrocyte cultures. Hypoxia stimulation also secretion from astrocytes, as shown by zymographic analysis. In addition, exposure to up‐regulated expression c‐Fos c‐Jun time‐dependently. Hypoxia‐induced overexpression was antagonized transfection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS‐ODN) or...

Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system are mediated by microglial activation play a key role neurodegeneration. Fisetin, plant flavonol commonly found fruits and vegetables, is frequently added to nutritional supplements due its antioxidant properties. In present study, treatment with fisetin inhibited cell migration ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. Treatment also effectively LPS plus IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide (NO) production,...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent that has been shown to affect cancer cell metastasis and migration. In the present study, we investigated mechanisms of BDNF-induced migration in colon cells. The migratory activities two lines, HCT116 SW480, were found be increased presence human BDNF. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO)-1 known involved development progression tumors. However, molecular underlie HO-1 regulation remain unclear. Expression protein mRNA response BDNF stimulation....

Abstract The mediators and cellular effectors of inflammation are important constituents the local environment tumors. In some occasions, oncogenic changes induce an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes progression gliomas, presence microglia may represent tumor‐related activation, subsequent responses influence tumor growth metastasis. Here, we found C6 glioma—but not primary astrocyte‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM) could activate microglia, including BV‐2 cell line, activated...

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent factor, has been shown to affect cancer metastasis and invasion. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GDNF-induced colon migration remain unclear. GDNF is found be positively correlated with malignancy in human patients. The migratory activities of two lines, HCT116 SW480, were enhanced presence GDNF. expression vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) was also increased response stimulation, along VEGF mRNA transcriptional...

Mesenchymal stem cells in tumor microenvironment can influence therapeutic responses various types of cancers. For triple negative breast cancer, chemotherapy remains the mainstay standard treatment. Our aim was to investigate correlation between human adipose-derived (hAdSCs) and chemoresistance cancer.Conditioned medium collected from hAdSCs, which isolated cancer patients who had mastectomy. The expression selected CD markers evaluated by flow cytometry characterize hAdSCs. By array...