A5075079689- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Climate variability and models
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
- Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Dermatological and Skeletal Disorders
- Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Wellcome Sanger Institute
2023-2024
The Royal Free Hospital
2024
University College London
2024
Barts Health NHS Trust
2020-2023
Royal London Hospital
2020-2023
Queen Mary University of London
2020-2023
National Health Service
2021
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
2010-2020
St Mary's Hospital
2019-2020
St. Mary's Hospital
2018-2020
We present measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio in air extracted from Antarctic ice core and firn samples. The same samples were previously used by Etheridge co-workers to construct a high precision 1000-year record atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, featuring close link between modern records high-time resolution. Here, we start confirming trend Cape Grim situ δ<sup>13</sup>C 1982 1996, extend it back 1978 using Air Archive. agrees with record, but only after correction...
Atmospheric methane mixing ratios from 1000 A.D. to present are measured in three Antarctic ice cores, two Greenland the firn layer, and archived air Tasmania, Australia. The record is unified by using same measurement procedure calibration scale for all samples ensuring high age resolution accuracy of core air. In this way, ratios, growth rates, interpolar differences accurately determined. From 1800 global mean ratio averaged 695 ppb varied about 40 ppb, contemporaneous with climatic...
Methane was measured in air samples collected approximately weekly from a globally distributed network of sites 1983 to 1992. Sites range latitude 90°S 82°N. All were analyzed by gas chromatography, with flame ionization detection at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Monitoring Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder, Colorado, measurements referenced against single calibration scale. The estimated precision is ±0.2%. Samples which had clear sampling or analytical errors,...
Sixteen mixtures of methane (CH 4 ) in dry air were prepared using a gravimetric technique to define CH standard gas scale covering the nominal range 300–2600 nmol mol −1 . It is designed be suitable for measurements ranging from those extracted glacial ice contemporary background atmospheric conditions. All standards passivated, 5.9 L high‐pressure aluminum cylinders. Methane mole fractions determined by chromatography with flame ionization detection, where repeatability measurement...
Global high-precision atmospheric Δ14CO2 records covering the last two decades are presented, and evaluated in terms of changing (radio)carbon sources sinks, using coarse-grid carbon cycle model GRACE. Dedicated simulations global trends interhemispheric differences with respect to CO2 as well δ13CO2 Δ14CO2, shown be good agreement available observations (1940–2008). While until 1990s decreasing trend was governed by equilibration bomb 14C perturbation oceans terrestrial biosphere, largest...
Abstract. The recent increase of atmospheric methane is investigated by using two inversions to quantify the distribution sources and sinks for 2006–2008 period, a process-based model emissions natural wetland ecosystems. Methane derived from are consistent at global scale: decreased in 2006 (−7 Tg) increased 2007 (+21 2008 (+18 Tg), as compared 1999–2006 period. agreement on latitudinal partition flux anomalies fair 2006, good 2007, not 2008. In positive anomaly tropical found be main...
Abstract. We present the organization, instrumentation, datasets, data interpretation, modeling, and accomplishments of multinational global atmospheric measurement program AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment). is distinguished by its capability to measure globally, at high frequency, multiple sites all important species in Montreal Protocol non-carbon-dioxide (non-CO2) gases assessed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (CO2 also measured several sites). The scientific...
We present new measurements of δ 13 C CO 2 extracted from a high‐resolution ice core Law Dome (East Antarctica), together with firn performed at and South Pole, covering the last 150 years. Our analysis is motivated by need to better understand role feedback carbon (C) cycle in climate change, advances measurement methods, apparent anomalies when comparing air records Pole. demonstrate improved consistency between ice, Pole firn, Cape Grim (Tasmania) atmospheric data, providing evidence that...
Human prenatal skin is populated by innate immune cells, including macrophages, but whether they act solely in immunity or have additional functions morphogenesis unclear. Here we assembled a comprehensive multi-omics reference atlas of human (7-17 post-conception weeks), combining single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data, to characterize the microanatomical tissue niches skin. This revealed that crosstalk between non-immune cells underpins formation hair follicles, implicated scarless...
Global measurements of atmospheric methane have revealed a sharp decrease in the growth rate Northern Hemisphere during 1992. The average trend for 1983–1991 was (11.6±0.2) ppbv yr −1 , but increase 1992 only (1.8±1.6) ppbv. In Southern Hemisphere, (1983–1991) (11.1±0.2) and (7.7±1.0) Various possibilities change sources or sinks are discussed, most likely explanation is an anthropogenic source such as fossil fuel exploitation, which can be rapidly easily affected by man's activities.
The 13 C/ 12 C of atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) was measured at Point Barrow (71°N, 156°W), Olympic Peninsula (48°N, 126°W), Mauna Loa (19°N, 155°W), and Cape Grim (41°S, 144°E) between 1987 1989. global average δ PDB from these measurements (n = 208) −47.20 ± 0.13%o. lowest mean annual value of‐47.61 0.14‰ with values increasing to ‐47.03 Grim. seasonal cycle in the CH greatest Barrow, an amplitude 0.5‰, varied inversely concentration. isotopic fractionation during oxidation is calculated be...
Abstract. Since the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Ozone Layer and its amendments came into effect, growth rates of major ozone depleting substances (ODS), particularly CFC-11, -12 -113 CH3CCl3, have declined markedly, paving way for global stratospheric recovery. Emissions now fallen to relatively low levels, therefore rate at which this recovery occurs will depend largely atmospheric lifetime these compounds. The first ODS measurements began in early 1970s along with...
Abstract. We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission estimates from 1978 2018. Previously we reported global rate 7.3±0.6 Gg yr−1 in 2008 and over past decade emissions have continued increase by about 24 % 9.04±0.35 show that changing patterns consumption developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) developing countries (non-Annex-1) rapid...
Abstract. Ice core records of the major atmospheric greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and their isotopologues covering recent centuries provide evidence biogeochemical variations during Late Holocene pre-industrial periods over transition to industrial period. These come from a number ice firn air sites have been measured in several laboratories around world show common features but also unresolved differences. Here we present revised records, including new measurements, performed at CSIRO...
We demonstrate the ability of atmospheric radon concentrations to reliably and unambiguously identify local remote terrestrial influences on an air mass, thereby potential for alteration trace gas composition by anthropogenic biogenic processes. Based high accuracy (lower limit detection 10–40 mBq m–3), temporal resolution (hourly) measurements concentration we describe, apply evaluate a simple two-step method identifying characterising constituent mole fractions in baseline air. The...
We report the development of a method trace gas analysis based on 1-cm-1 resolution Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, deployable in both laboratory and field applications. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide may be analyzed simultaneously single air sample using this method. have demonstrated that can provide analytical precision order +/- 0.15 mumol mol-1 for CO2, 0.9 nmol CH4, 0.3 N2O, CO, expressed as mole fractions dry air. The is all cases competitive...
Since 1992, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Climate Monitoring Diagnostics Laboratory of United States Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Division Australia have routinely analyzed same air sample collected biweekly at Cape Grim, Tasmania. Comparisons measurements atmospheric CO 2 , CH 4 CO, H stable isotopes (δ 13 C, δ 18 O) are used to assess consistency observations independently made by two laboratories. Results demonstrate that...
Abstract. Seasonal cycles in the mixing ratios of tropospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) are derived by detrending long-term measurements made at sites across four global surface monitoring networks. The detrended monthly data display large interannual variability, which some challenges concept a "mean" seasonal cycle. In Northern Hemisphere, correlations between polar winter lower stratospheric temperature and N2O data, around month minimum, provide empirical evidence for influence, varies...
Abstract. We present the first reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitude atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) mole fraction from Greenland firn air. Firn air samples were collected at three deep ice core sites in (NGRIP 2001, Summit 2006 and NEEM 2008). CO records agree well with each other as recent measurements, indicating that is preserved these sites. history was reconstructed back to year 1950 measurements using a combination two forward models gas transport an inverse model....