Variable sizes of nanoparticles, ranging from nano to micro scale, are toxicological interest. In the present study, authors hypothesized that, in addition size, shape iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles is a major factor that contributes particle cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) was investigated using 3 different particles: micro-sized Fe2 O3 (M-Fe2O3), nano-sized Fe2O3 (N-Fe2O3), and rod-shaped (R-Fe2O3). Whereas M-Fe2O3 N-Fe2O3 were located vacuole as aggregates,...

Cladonia borealis is a lichen that inhabits Antarctica's harsh environment. We sequenced the whole genome of C. culture isolated from specimen collected in Antarctica using long-read sequencing technology to identify specific genetic elements related its potential environmental adaptation. The final assembly produced 48 scaffolds, longest being 2.2 Mbp, 1.6 Mbp N50 contig length, and 36 total length. A 10,749 protein-coding genes were annotated, containing 33 biosynthetic gene clusters 102...

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient in organisms and abundant element the Earth's crust. Trace amounts of Zn released from natural sources can enter aquatic ecosystems through weathering erosion. accumulates organisms, when its intracellular concentration exceeds a certain level, it induce oxidative stress trigger stress-mediated heat shock protein (HSP) modulation. HSP70 most evolutionarily conserved among HSP families. Despite extensive research on genes bivalves, gene family...

Abstract Background Previous animal studies have shown that Curcuma longa (turmeric) improves liver function. Turmeric may thus be a promising ingredient in functional foods aimed at improving The purpose of the study is to investigate hepatoprotective effect fermented turmeric powder (FTP) on function subjects with elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Methods A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted between November 2010 and April 2012 clinical center for...

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a functional food and has been well known for keeping good health due to its anti-fatigue immunomodulating activities. However, there no data on red ginseng preventive activity against acute respiratory illness (ARI). The study was conducted in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial healthy volunteers (Clinical Trial Number: NCT01478009). Our primary efficacy end point the number of ARI reported secondary severity symptoms, duration ARI. A total 100...

To investigate the antidiabetic effects of hydrolyzed ginseng extract (HGE) for Korean participants in an 8-wk, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Impaired fasting glucose [fasting plasma (FPG) ≥ 5.6mM or < 6.9mM] who had not been diagnosed with any disease and met inclusion criteria were recruited this study. The 23 randomly divided into either HGE (n = 12, 960 mg/d) placebo 11) group. Outcomes included measurements efficacy (FPG, postprandial glucose, insulin,...

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the abnormal progressive degeneration nervous system. One recently identified subtypes NBIA β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). BPAN caused de novo mutations in WDR45/WIPI4 (WD repeat domain 45) gene. WDR45 one four mammalian homologs yeast Atg18, regulator autophagy. deficiency patients animal models may result defects...

Constipation affects up to 20% of the world's population. The aim this study was investigate whether supplementation with Ficus carica paste could be used treat constipation in Korean subjects functional constipation.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were orally supplemented either F. (n=40) or placebo for 8 weeks. We measured efficacy and safety paste. Primary outcomes (colon transit time) secondary (questionnaire related defecation) compared before...

The Antarctic toothfish, <i>Dissostichus mawsoni</i>, belongs to the Nototheniidae family and is distributed in sub-zero temperatures below S60° latitude Southern Ocean. Therefore, it an attractive model species study stenothermal cold-adapted character state. In this study, we successfully generated highly contiguous genome sequences of <i>D. which contained 1 062 scaffolds with a N50 length 36.98 Mb longest scaffold 46.82 Mb. Repetitive elements accounted for 40.87% genome. We also...

Loss of ovarian function causes oxidative stress as well bone loss. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the failure are responsible for loss increasing number osteoclasts (OC). found ROS enhanced OC survival via Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), c-Src, Akt, and ERK. association SHP-1 with c-Src oxidation SHP-1. This resulted in inactivation activation phosphorylation Tyr(416). Knockdown or abolished effect on survival. Moreover, downregulation...

Abstracts Background Standardized Korean red ginseng extract has become the best-selling influenza-like illness (ILI) remedy in Korea, yet much controversy regarding efficacy of (KRG) reducing ILI incidence remains. The aim study is to assess KRG on healthy adults. Methods/Design We will conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled at onset influenza seasons. A total 100 subjects 30-70 years age be recruited from general populations. instructed take 9 capsules per day either or...

The prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a major global public health challenge. Decursin, an active compound Angelica gigas Nakai roots, was recently reported to have glucose-lowering activity. However, the antidiabetic effect extract (AGNE) not yet been investigated. We evaluated effects AGNE on glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice investigated underlying mechanism by which acts. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db were treated with either (10 mg/kg, 20 40 mg/kg) or metformin...

GS-3K8 and GINST, both of which are modified ginseng extracts, have never been examined in terms their effectiveness for the prevention acute respiratory illness (ARI) humans. We conducted a pilot study to assess feasibility performing large-scale, randomized, controlled trial. This was double-blind, placebo-controlled, at single center from October 2014 March 2015. The 45 healthy applicants were randomly divided into (n = 15), GINST placebo groups 15). drug administered as capsule (500...

Recently, clinical research has suggested that red ginseng components play a role in liver protection and combating fatigue. However, fermented not been analyzed for liver-protective or anti-fatigue effects.This study evaluates the positive effects of powder (GBCK25) on function.Ninety participants with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (35 ≤ ALT ≤1 05 IU/L) were randomized to one three groups. The treated GBCK25 tablets at dose 500 mg/day (high dose), 125 (low placebo group daily 12...

Abstract The genus Pogonophryne is a speciose group that includes 28 species inhabiting the coastal or deep waters of Antarctic Southern Ocean. has been divided into five groups, among which P. albipinna most deep-living and characterized by lack spots on top head. Here, we carried out genome survey sequencing using Illumina HiSeq platform to estimate genomic characteristics identify genome-wide microsatellite motifs. size was predicted be ∼883.8 Mb K-mer analysis (K = 25), heterozygosity...

We hypothesized that carbon monoxide (CO) might suppress chronic inflammation, which led to metabolic disturbances. Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in mice mimic inflammation secondary loss of ovarian function. OVX increased fat mass and the infiltration highly inflammatory CD11c cells into adipose tissue (AT), resulting a disturbance glucose metabolism. Treatment CO attenuated these; decreased recruitment CD11c-expressing AT reduced expression bone marrow-derived macrophages, protecting...

Artemia is an industrially important genus used in aquaculture as a nutritious diet for fish and aquatic model organism toxicity tests. However, despite the significance of Artemia, genomic research remains incomplete knowledge on its characteristics insufficient. In particular, franciscana North America has been widely fisheries other continents, resulting invasion native species. Therefore, studies population genetics molecular marker development well morphological analyses are required to...

Regan, 1913, is an evolutionarily important marine fish species distributed in the Antarctic Ocean. However, its genome has not been studied to date. In present study, whole sequencing was performed using next-generation (NGS) technology characterize and develop genomic microsatellite markers. The 25-mer frequency distribution estimated be best, size predicted 815,042,992 bp. heterozygosity, average rate of read duplication, error rates were 0.536%, 0.724%, 0.292%, respectively. These data...

Abstract Nitrogen, a limiting growth factor in wood-feeding insects, was hypothesized to play role the recently discovered behavior of subterranean termites returning nest molt. Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) exuviae is approximately 11% N by dry weight, and therefore potentially rich source recyclable nitrogen. Exuviae from C. colony were marked with immunoglobulin G (IgG) fed two-year-old colonies. IgG-marked detected an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IgG marker later every caste...