Bees play a crucial role in pollination and generate honey other hive products; therefore, their worldwide decline is cause for concern. New broad-spectrum systemic insecticides such as fipronil can harm bees use has been discussed potential threat to bees' survival. In the present study, authors evaluate vitro toxicity of note behavioral motor activity changes Africanized adult Apis mellifera that ingest or come into contact with lethal sublethal doses fipronil. The effects on brood...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is almost always lethal if not treated, but most infections with the causative agents are clinically silent. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), an opsonin, a candidate molecule for modifying progression to VL because it may enhance infection intracellular pathogens. Mutations in MBL2 gene decrease levels of MBL and protect against development VL. This case-control study examines genotypes individuals presenting different outcomes Leishmania chagasi.Genotypes serum were...

In recent decades, throughout the Amazon Basin, landscape modification contributing to profound ecological change has proceeded at an unprecedented rate. Deforestation that accompanies human activities can significantly aspects of anopheline biology, though this may be site-specific. Such local changes in biology could have a great impact on malaria transmission. The aim study was investigate population genetics main vector Brazil, Anopheles darlingi, from microgeographical perspective....

Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum. This protozoan causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an uncontrolled urban zoonosis in Brazil. Serological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on peripheral blood were performed to identify infected dogs scenarios higher lower prevalence disease (Teresina Vitória). One-hundred 57 non-infected animals from Teresina 100 Vitória studied. Animal selection was not dependent previous serology. The sensitivity (Teresina) specificity...

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum, causative agent visceral leishmaniasis in Neotropical realm. Its taxonomic status has been widely discussed once it encompasses a complex species. The knowledge about genetic structure insect populations helps elucidation components and interactions disease ecoepidemiology. Thus, objective this study was to genotypically analyze Lu. from macrogeographic perspective using Next Generation Sequencing. Polymorphism analysis three...

is a major malaria vector in the Amazon region and, like other vectors, harbors community of microorganisms with which it shares network interactions. Here, we describe diversity and bacterial composition from midguts salivary glands lab-reared field-captured

We investigated the occurrence of Leishmania infantum chagasi in Didelphis albiventris opossums at a wild animal rehabilitation center city Campo Grande, Brazil. A total 54 were tested for L. i. infection peripheral blood and bone marrow samples. The samples analyzed by direct examination, culturing specific medium, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. DNA was detected polymorphism 11 (20.37%) animals. 81.81% positive captured areas known visceral leishmaniasis...

BackgroundLutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the major vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and thus plays a crucial role in epidemiology American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). This best studied species sand fly Neotropical region. Many studies claim that this fact complex; however there still no consensus regarding number belong into complex or geographical distribution sibling species. The aim present study was to analyze genetic relationships within Lu. populations...

Abstract Although many Brazilian sugar mills initiate the fermentation process by inoculating selected commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, unsterile conditions of industrial cane ethanol permit constant entry native yeast strains. Certain those strains are better adapted and tend to predominate over initial strain, which may cause problems during fermentation. In process, cells often exposed stressful environmental conditions, including prolonged cell recycling, toxicity osmotic,...

An analysis of the dietary content haematophagous insects can provide important information about transmission networks certain zoonoses. The present study evaluated potential polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) mitochondrial cytochrome B (cytb) gene to differentiate between vertebrate species that were identified as possible sources sandfly meals. complete cytb sequences 11 available in National Center for Biotechnology Information database digested...

In the Amazon Basin, Nyssorhynchus (Anopheles) darlingi is most aggressive and effective malaria vector. endemic areas, behavioral aspects of anopheline vectors such as host preference, biting time resting location post blood meal have a key impact on transmission dynamics vector control interventions. presents range feeding behaviors throughout its broad distribution. To investigate genetic diversity related to behavior, we collected host-seeking Ny. in two settlement types Acre, Brazil:...

Leishmania infantum chagasi is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles was used to evaluate genetic profiles 48 strains from dog and human parasite cultures, fresh collected bone marrow aspirates, infected sand flies. Results revealed that heterogeneity kDNA depends mostly on source samples, with cultured parasites showing a high degree homogeneity.

Mosquito females of the genus Mansonia (Blanchard) can be a nuisance to humans and animals since they are voraciously hematophagous feed on blood variety vertebrates. Despite their relevance, there is lack investigation into blood-feeding patterns species. Knowledge host preference crucial in establishing public health importance mosquito species its potential involved transmission dynamics pathogens. Species that primarily anthropophilic more effective spreading vector-borne pathogens...

Symbiosis is now recognized as a driving force in evolution, role that finds its ultimate expression the variety of associations bonding insects with microbial symbionts. These have contributed to evolutionary success insects, hosts acquiring capacity exploit novel ecological niches, and symbionts passing from facultative obligate, mutualistic symbioses. In bacterial symbiont transition free-living life style symbiosis often resulted reduction genome size, generation smallest genomes thus...

In visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic areas, a minority of infected individuals progress to disease since most them develop protective immunity. Therefore, we investigated the risk markers VL within nonimmune sector. Analyzing symptomatic and, asymptomatic, and noninfected individuals, patients presented with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triacylglycerol (TAG), very-low-density (VLDL-C) levels. A polymorphism analysis lipase (LPL) gene using HindIII...

Abstract Aedes aegypti is the most synanthropic and anthropophilic mosquito of Culicidae. This species always cohabits with humans extremely opportunistic. Vector dispersal directly related to ability females on successfully finding a mate in generally patchy urban scenario. In present work, we investigate transcriptional changes Ae. during courtship process after mating. We observe substantial alteration gene expression triggered just upon contact males, which turn was not fully correlated...

Leishmania spp. are protozoan parasites that cause a spectrum of important diseases in humans. These develop as extracellular promastigotes the digestive tract their insect vectors and obligate intracellular amastigotes infect macrophages other phagocytic cells vertebrate hosts. Promastigote-to-amastigote differentiation is associated with marked changes metabolism, including upregulation enzymes involved fatty acid β-oxidation, which may reflect adaptation to niche. Here, we have...

Abstract Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelinated central nervous system (CNS) neurons and triggers physical cognitive disabilities. Conventional therapy based on disease-modifying drugs control severity but can also be deleterious. Complementary medicines have been adopted evidence indicates yeast supplements improve symptoms mainly by modulating immune response. In this investigation, we evaluated therapeutic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae its...

Abstract Background In Brazil, malaria is concentrated in the Amazon Basin, where more than 99% of annual cases are reported. The main goal this study was to investigate population structure and genetic association biting behavior Nyssorhynchus (also known as Anopheles ) darlingi , major vector region using low-coverage genomic sequencing data. Methods Samples were collected municipality Mâncio Lima, Acre state, Brazil between 2016 2017. Different approaches genotype imputation no gene for...

Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Americas with domestic dogs being its major reservoir hosts. The main VL vector sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis , while other species may play a role disease transmission. Although genetic structure L. populations has been widely evaluated, only few studies have addressed this subject coupled to respective vectors. In study, we analyzed population three endemic areas Brazil and associated it geographic structure.