Abstract Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected connected available biochemical pathways integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus this map on main consisting glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen purine/nucleoside membrane transport. Other recently emerging are also curated, like methionine salvage glyoxalase system, carnitine lands cycle, as well...

Abstract Objective Adipokines, visfatin, apelin, vaspin and ghrelin have emerged as novel cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on aforementioned adipokines carotid intima‐media thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred were equivalently ( n = 25) randomized into four groups: (1) a control group encouraged perform self‐controlled exercise; (2) supervised aerobic (exercise times/week, 60 min/session,...

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to reveal the role reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ( RONS ) in exercise adaptations under physiological vivo conditions without interference from other exogenous redox agents (e.g. a pro‐oxidant or antioxidant). Methods We invented novel methodological set‐up that exploited large interindividual variability responses. More specifically, we used exercise‐induced oxidative stress as ‘classifier’ measure (i.e. low, moderate high) investigated after...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects fatigue on biomechanical indices soccer kick performance. Ten male amateur players performed maximal instep kicks prior to, in middle and after implementation a 90 min intermittent exercise protocol. Three‐dimensional data, ground reaction forces (GRFs) segmental moments were measured during while blood lactate ammonia concentrations monitored throughout Analysis variance designs with repeated measures indicated significant increase ( P...

Accumulating data support the atheroprotective role of novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin. The aim present randomized study was to investigate effects aerobic exercise training on these adipokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Fifty-four overweight (BMI >25 kg/m²) T2DM, but without vascular complications, were either group (EG, N=27), 4 times/week, 45-60 min/session; or control (CG, orally instructed increase physical activity. Clinical glycemic lipid parameters,...

Exercise has been consistently used as an oxidant stimulus in redox biology studies. However, previous studies have focused on group differences and did not examine individual differences. As a result, it remains untested whether all individuals experience oxidative stress after acute exercise. Therefore, the main aim of present study was to investigate some exhibit unexpected responses eccentric (i.e., muscle-damaging) exercise session. Ninety eight (N = 98) young men performed isokinetic...

This study examined in vivo (1) skeletal muscle oxygenation and microvascular function, at rest during handgrip exercise, (2) their association with macrovascular function exercise blood pressure (BP), newly diagnosed, never-treated patients hypertension normotensive individuals. Ninety-one individuals (51 hypertensives 40 normotensives) underwent office 24-hour ambulatory BP, arterial stiffness, central aortic BP assessment, followed by a 5-minute occlusion 3-minute submaximal exercise....

Animal models are widely used in biology and the findings of animal research traditionally projected to humans. However, recent publications have raised concerns with regard what extent animals humans respond similar physiological stimuli. Original data on direct vivo comparison between scarce no study has addressed this issue after exercise. We aimed compare side by same experimental setup rat human responses an acute exercise bout matched intensity duration. Rats ran a treadmill at 86%...

Background Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its phosphorylated form (NADP+) are key molecules in ubiquitous bioenergetic cellular signaling pathways, regulating metabolism homeostasis. Thus, supplementation with NAD+ NADP+ precursors emerged as a promising strategy to gain many multifaceted health benefits. In this proof-of-concept study, we sought investigate whether chronic nicotinamide riboside administration (an precursor) affects exercise performance.Methods Eighteen Wistar...

Exercise training reduces myocardial lipid peroxidation following short-term ischemia-reperfusion.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 1211-1216, 1998. Purpose: The purpose of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that endurance exercise will reduce ischemia and reperfusion(I-R). Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 months old) were randomly assigned either a sedentary control group (N = 13) or an 13). trained animals ran 4 d·wk−1 (90 min·d−1) at ∼75% V˙O2max. Following...

We investigated the effects of clenbuterol on muscle mass, contractile properties, myosin phenotype, and bioenergetic enzyme activity in gastrocnemius (GS)-plantaris (PL)-soleus (SO) complex. Rats were sham-injected or treated with (2 mg.kg-1, subcutaneously) for 14 d. Clenbuterol increased (P < 0.05) body weight complex weight. Also, treatment resulted an increase total force production maximal shortening velocity 0.05). No difference > relative (force.g-1 muscle) existed between...

The aims of the present study were to assess in obese and lean boys 1) hemodynamic responses baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) isometric handgrip exercise (HG) recovery 2) muscle metaboreflex-induced blood pressure response variables that determine this response. Twenty-seven (14 13 boys, body mass index: 29.2 ± 0.9 vs. 18.9 0.3 kg/m(2), respectively) participated. testing protocol involved 3 min baseline, HG (30% maximum voluntary contraction), circulatory occlusion, recovery. same was repeated...

Abstract Aim We aimed to investigate the inter‐individual variability in redox and physiological responses of antioxidant‐deficient subjects after antioxidant supplementation. Methods Two hundred individuals were sorted by plasma vitamin C levels. A low group ( n = 22) a control compared terms oxidative stress performance. Subsequently, received for 30 days (1 g) or placebo, randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion, effects examined through mixed‐effects model, while individual...

To compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and isokinetic training on fibre type distribution cross sectional area vastus lateralis muscle.Twenty four male university students were divided into two equal groups: PNF (ISO). The regimen for group consisted three sets 30 repetitions against maximal resistance, alternating patterns sequential movements right lower extremity: (a) toe flexion ankle plantar eversion; (b) knee extension hip extension, abduction,...

The overall metabolic/energetic stress that occurs during an acute bout of exercise is proposed to be the main driving force for long-term training adaptations. Continuous and high-intensity interval protocols (HIIE) are currently prescribed acquire muscular metabolic benefits aerobic training. We applied 1H NMR-based metabonomics compare perturbation activation individual bioenergetic pathways three popular exercises matched effort/strain. Nine men performed continuous, long-interval (3...