Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity during the next hundred years, which may accelerate shifts hydrological regimes submerged macrophyte composition freshwater ecosystems. Since macrophytes profound components of aquatic systems, predicting their response extreme events is crucial for implementation climate change adaptation strategies. We therefore performed an experiment 24 outdoor enclosures (400 L) separating impact a 4 °C...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects different fertilizer types and application rates on ammonia volatilization loss explore nitrogen distribution use efficiency using 15N isotope tracing technique in alkaline salt-affected conditions Songnen Plain, Northeast China. results showed a decreasing trend from ammonium nitrate sulfate, but not that urea, as electrical conductivity gradient increased, whereas reverse was found pH increased. Ammonia increased moderately soil...

Light is a major limiting resource in aquatic ecosystems and numerous studies have investigated the response of submerged macrophytes to low light conditions. However, few tested whether different strategies can also consequences for macrophyte distribution along littoral slopes lakes, which are known affect biomass due differences drag forces sediment characteristic. In this study, we (1) two species growth forms (canopy-forming: Potamogeton maackianus, rosette-type: Vallisneria natans)...

Both iron starvation and excess are detrimental to cellular life, especially for animal plant pathogens since they always live in iron-limited environments produced by host immune responses. However, how organisms sense respond is incompletely understood. Herein, we reveal that the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, VgrS (also named ColS) a membrane-bound receptor histidine kinase senses extracytoplasmic limitation periplasm, while its cognate response...

Abstract In shallow lakes, submerged macrophytes can stabilise clear‐water conditions and prevent phytoplankton blooms. Nutrient enrichment promote their abundance. Above critical thresholds in water nutrient concentrations, however, have collapsed many lakes worldwide with negative consequences for important ecosystem functions. The mechanisms behind this decline are complex subject to debate. We conducted mesocosm laboratory experiments investigate the top‐down effect of invasive...

Abstract Cold seep microbial communities are fascinating ecosystems on Earth which provide unique models for understanding the living strategies in deep-sea distinct environments. In this study, 23 metagenomes were generated from samples collected Site-F cold field South China Sea, including sea water closely above invertebrate communities, fluids, fluids under and sediment column around vent. By binning tools, we retrieved a total of 768 metagenome assembled genome (MAGs) that estimated to...

The large potential of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool to sequester CO2 from atmosphere could greatly ameliorate effect future climate change. However, quantity stored in terrestrial soils largely depends upon magnitude SOC mineralization. mineralization constitutes an important part cycle, and is driven by many biophysical variables, such as temperature moisture. Soil samples a pine forest, oak mixed forest were incubated for 387 days under conditions with six settings (5 °C, 10 15 20 25...

The construction of a single polymer network with extreme stretchability, relatively high mechanical strength, and fast facile autonomous room-temperature self-healing capability still remains challenge. Herein, supramolecular networks are fabricated by synergistically incorporating metal–ligand hydrogen bonds in poly(propylene glycol) (PPG). representative specimen, PPG-Im-MDA-1.5-0.25-Cu, shows combination notable properties involving an stretching ratio 346 ± 14× Young's modulus 2.10 0.14...

In addition to an increase in mean temperature, extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are predicted frequency and intensity with climate change, which likely affect organism interactions, seasonal succession, resting stage recruitment patterns terrestrial well aquatic ecosystems. For example, freshwater zooplankton different life-history strategies, sexual or parthenogenetic reproduction, may respond differently increased temperatures rapid temperature fluctuations. Therefore, we...

Many prey organisms show induced morphological responses to predators including changes in protective spine length, such as rotifers, although previous studies have mainly focused on how become larger than the predator gape-size optimum. Here we that a large-sized makes rotifers escape below optimum of by reducing length. In experiments and field during part their ontogeny fish larvae feed intensively common rotifer Keratella cochlearis, larval predation reduces length both through induction...

Ammonium (NH4+) is an important nitrogen nutrition for plant growth; however, it toxic to many plants at high concentration. Eutrophication induces NH4+enrichment in shallow lakes and increases risk of NH4+ toxicity submersed macrophytes. Potassium (K+) was known as alleviant the syndromes under stress. In present study, we examined single effects co-effects K+ enrichments (∼0.65 mg L−1 NH4–N, ∼45 K+) water column on macrophyte Vallisneria natans L. with focus carbon (C) (N) metabolism, life...

Food chain length is a significant ecosystem index and it greatly affects processes their outcomes. In recent decades, determinants or indicators of FCL have been investigated in different ecological contexts, but few studies analyzed the relationships between macrophyte community structure food freshwater ecosystems despite crucial role determining web structure. This study influence on by conducting field survey Lake Poyang, largest lake China. Plant volume inhabited (PVI), Shannon-Wiener...

Abstract To deal with predation threats, many prey organisms have evolved anti‐predator defences in both morphology and behaviour. Aquatic rotifers were among the first model for studying inducible studies mainly focused on predator‐induced morphological defences. Despite this, we still lack a good understanding of behavioural rotifers. In this study, conducted three laboratory induction experiments to investigate floating responses rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus presence predator...

Abstract The mass mortality of molluscs caused by OsHV-1 infection has frequently occurred worldwide in recent years. Meanwhile the interaction between and its host is largely unknown. Innate immunity mainly makes up mollusc defense system, due to lack adaptive invertebrates. iron limitation strategy an indispensable facet innate across vertebrate invertebrate species. In this study, was interestingly found contribute immune responses against infection. Firstly, ark clams, Scapharca...

The middle Mesoproterozoic is a crucial time period for understanding the Precambrian tectonic evolutionary history of northern Yangtze Block and its relationship with supercontinent Columbia. Dagushi Group (Gp) one strata rarely found at margin Block. U–Pb geochronology Lu–Hf isotopic analyses detrital zircons were analyzed three metamorphic quartz sandstone samples collected from Luohanling Dangpuling formations Gp. These metasandstones yielded major zircon populations ~2.65 Ga ~1.60 Ga,...

Abstract One of the major research goals in ecology is to understand predator–prey interactions. However, our understanding how prey express phenotypic plasticity response co‐occurring multiple predators limited many systems. Here, we use rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus as model organism test responds through a series related experiments. Firstly, examined effects density fish predator Carassius auratus on morphological traits B . Secondly, larval C and Asplanchna brightwellii (a predator)...