A5000504924- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Malaria Research and Control
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- HIV Research and Treatment
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Urticaria and Related Conditions
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Eosinophilic Disorders and Syndromes
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Insect and Pesticide Research
Makerere University
2016-2025
Armauer Hansen Research Institute
1999-2006
Institute of Primate Research
1990-2001
Addis Ababa University
2001
Statens Serum Institut
1999
Rigshospitalet
1999
Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center
1999
Kuwait University
1999
National Museums of Kenya
1990-1997
University of Victoria
1994
Human T cell responses to ESAT-6 and eight synthetic overlapping peptides were investigated in tuberculosis (TB) patients control subjects from regions of high low endemicity for TB. was recognized by 65% all tuberculin purified protein derivative—responsive TB patients, whereas only 2 29 bacille Calmette-Guérin—vaccinated Danish healthy donors this molecule. In Ethiopia, a frequency (58%) contacts ESAT-6. All the some donors, indicating that molecule holds multiple epitopes. Ethiopian...
ABSTRACT Diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is considered essential for control but hampered by the lack specific reagents. We report that strong recognition complex-specific antigen ESAT-6 healthy household contacts patients correlates with subsequent development active during a 2-year follow-up period.
Background Alternative treatments for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are required in East Africa. Paromomycin sulphate (PM) has been shown to be efficacious VL treatment India. Methods A multi-centre randomized-controlled trial (RCT) compare efficacy and safety of PM (20 mg/kg/day 21 days) plus sodium stibogluconate (SSG) combination (PM, 15 SSG, 20 17 with SSG 30 Patients aged 4–60 years parasitologically confirmed were enrolled, excluding patients contraindications. Primary secondary outcomes...
Background SSG&PM over 17 days is recommended as first line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa, but painful and requires hospitalization. Combination regimens including AmBisome miltefosine are safe effective India, there no published data from trials of combination therapies these drugs Africa. Methods A phase II open-label, non-comparative randomized trial was conducted Sudan Kenya to evaluate the efficacy safety three regimens: 10 mg/kg single dose plus SSG (20...
Abstract Background This study aimed to determine whether paromomycin plus miltefosine (PM/MF) is noninferior sodium stibogluconate (SSG/PM) for treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa. Methods An open-label, phase 3, randomized, controlled trial was conducted adult and pediatric patients at 7 sites Patients were randomly assigned either 20 mg/kg allometric dose (14 days), or 15 (17 days). The endpoint definitive cure after 6 months. Results Of 439 randomized patients,...
ABSTRACT Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with multiple differential diagnoses. Demonstration the etiologic agent by smear microscopy or culture fine needle aspirate (FNA) specimens often unsuccessful. FNA from 40 patients presenting at rural health center in South Ethiopia and diagnosed as positive for TBLN on basis clinical cytological criteria were analyzed mycobacterial DNA PCR. Thirty (75%) had cervical 11 (27.5%) seropositive human...
Levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, transforming growth (TGF)‐β, and interleukin (IL)‐10 in plasma pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients healthy contacts pleural fluid with tuberculous pleuritis were examined by enzyme immunoassay. Plasma TNF‐α IL‐10 elevated to significant levels contacts. High TGF‐β also detected from TB Pleural contained all three cytokines the level being highest followed TNF‐α. had detectable cytokines. Increased some extent patients, is perhaps limit infection,...
In 2010, WHO recommended a new first-line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Eastern Africa. The treatment, combination of intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and IM paromomycin (PM) was an improvement over SSG monotherapy, the previous VL region. To monitor treatment's safety effectiveness routine clinical practice pharmacovigilance (PV) programme developed. A prospective PV cohort Regulatory approval obtained Sudan, Kenya, Uganda Ethiopia. Twelve...
Abstract Background Convenient, safe, and effective treatments for visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern African children are lacking. Miltefosine, the only oral treatment, failed to achieve adequate efficacy, particularly children, whom linear dosing (2.5 mg/kg/day 28 days) resulted a 59% cure rate, with lower systemic exposure than adults. Methods We conducted Phase II trial 30 leishmaniasis, aged 4–12 years, test whether days of allometric miltefosine safely achieves higher dosing. Results...
Introduction Cryptococcal meningitis remains a prominent cause of death in persons with advanced HIV disease. CSF leukocyte infiltration predicts survival at 18 weeks; however, how immune response relates to is unknown. Methods We enrolled 401 adults HIV-associated cryptococcal Uganda who received amphotericin and fluconazole induction therapy. assessed the association leukocytes, chemokine, cytokine responses 18-week survival. Results Participants leukocytes ≥50/microliter had higher...
ABSTRACT Leishmania major is a protozoan parasite that causes chronic cutaneous lesions often leave disfiguring scars. Infections in mice have demonstrated leishmanial vaccines include interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an adjuvant are able to induce protective immunity. In this study, we assessed the safety, immunopotency, and potential of two doses IL-12 when used with killed L. vaccine vervet monkeys. The induction cell-mediated immunity following vaccination was determined by measuring...
Abstract Background To expedite the development of new oral treatment regimens for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), there is a need early markers to evaluate response and predict long-term outcomes. Methods Data from 3 clinical trials were combined in this study, which Eastern African VL patients received various antileishmanial therapies. Leishmania kinetoplast DNA was quantified whole blood with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) before, during, up 6 months after...
ABSTRACT We examined the immune responses of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and their healthy household contacts to short-term culture filtrate (ST-CF) Mycobacterium or molecular mass fractions derived from it. Our goal was identify strongly recognized by donors differences among donor groups possible relevance for vaccine development. The study population consisted 65 human immunodeficiency virus-negative Hossana Regional Hospital, Hossana, Ethiopia. Peripheral blood...
Low efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment visceral leishmaniasis was recently observed Eastern Africa.To describe pharmacokinetics and establish a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship for African patients with leishmaniasis, using time-to-event approach to model relapse disease.Miltefosine plasma concentrations from 95 (48 monotherapy versus 47 combination therapy) were included population pharmacokinetic non-linear mixed effects modelling. Subsequently developed time clinical...
Significant levels of IgG3 and IgG4 high IgG1 leishmania-specific antibody differentiated the immune states in 10 patients with visceral leishmaniasis from those virtually all 20 drug-cured 18 subclinically infected subjects, whereas level IgG2 was nondiscriminating. The most extreme "subclinically infected" outlier subsequently developed disease. Overall, persons were mutually indistinguishable but readily distinguished patients. These findings may have implications for immunologic...
AbstractTuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is a diagnostic challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where there high rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study aimed to find ways improve the diagnosis Butajira, rural Ethiopia, TBLN constitutes 40% total tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Among 147 clinically suspected cases, 107 (72.8%) were confirmed as by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear examination. Of remaining 40 denoted non-tuberculous...
Abstract Background Up to 40% of HIV-infected individuals receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) have poor CD4+ T-cell recovery. The role natural killer (NK) cells in immune recovery during HAART is not well understood. We described the profiles NK cell subsets and their expression activating receptor, NKG2D cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 among suboptimal responders despite four years suppressive HAART. Methods A case control study utilized frozen peripheral blood mononuclear...
Abstract Background Conventional miltefosine dosing (2.5 mg/kg/day) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is less effective in children than adults. A higher allometric dose (median 3.2 was therefore investigated paediatric VL patients Eastern Africa. Results this trial showed an unforeseen, lower dose-proportional increase exposure. Therefore, we performed a pooled model-based analysis the data available from both regimens to characterize observed non-linearities pharmacokinetics...
Experimental transmission of Leishmania major to vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) was accomplished by bites Phlebotomus duboscqi sandflies. Three-day-old, laboratory-reared P. were fed on leishmanial lesions hamsters infected with L. major. The flies re-fed 10 d after infection. Five adult male used in concurrent trials. Two the received subcutaneous inoculations stationaryphase promastigotes (2 × 106 0·1 ml medium) base tail. Putatively allowed feed remaining 3 at sites tail and...
Summary After intradermal injection of 10 7 promastigotes a particular isolate the intramacrophage protozoan parasite, Leishmania tropica , development disease (cutaneous lesions) is much more severe in BALB/c than three other mouse strains, C57BL/6, C3H/He and CBA/H. Using fixed 125 I‐labelled protein A solid‐phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), titres antibody were shown to increase up about day 50 infection. However, not markedly different mice compared with resistant although levels highest...
Nine vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were infected intradermally with 8 x 10(7) virulent L. donovani promastigotes. Four animals developed clinical visceral leishmaniasis and died over a period of 18 months. The remaining five have remained asymptomatic for 3 years now. Attempts to isolate parasites from spleen liver through biopsies fruitless. Immunological responses these subclinically examined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) western blot analyses demonstrated Leishmania...