A5062205133- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Advances in Oncology and Radiotherapy
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Global Health and Surgery
- Sex work and related issues
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Biotechnology and Related Fields
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Empathy and Medical Education
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Global Health and Epidemiology
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2010-2024
University of the Witwatersrand
2023
Background Alternative treatments for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are required in East Africa. Paromomycin sulphate (PM) has been shown to be efficacious VL treatment India. Methods A multi-centre randomized-controlled trial (RCT) compare efficacy and safety of PM (20 mg/kg/day 21 days) plus sodium stibogluconate (SSG) combination (PM, 15 SSG, 20 17 with SSG 30 Patients aged 4–60 years parasitologically confirmed were enrolled, excluding patients contraindications. Primary secondary outcomes...
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major health problem in developing countries. The untreated disease fatal, available treatment expensive and often toxic, drug resistance increasing. Improved options are needed. Paromomycin was shown to be an efficacious first-line with low toxicity India. Methods This 3-arm multicentre, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial compare three regimens for VL East Africa: paromomycin sulphate (PM) at 15 mg/kg/day 21 days versus sodium...
Background We aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary TB amongst adult population (≥15 years) in 2016 Kenya. Method A nationwide cross-sectional survey where participants first underwent symptom screening and chest x-ray. Subsequently, who reported cough >2weeks and/or had a x-ray suggestive TB, submitted sputum specimen for laboratory examination by smear microscopy, culture Xpert MTB/RIF. Result The identified 305 prevalent cases translating 558 [95%CI 455–662] per 100,000...
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a recognized complication of tuberculosis (TB). In 2015, the World Health Organization reported 2.2 million new cases nonbacteriologically confirmed TB; some these patients probably had undiagnosed CPA. October 2016, Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections convened an international expert panel to develop case definition CPA resource-constrained settings. This defined as illness >3 months and all following: 1) weight loss, persistent cough, and/or...
Chest radiographs (CXRs) are a valuable diagnostic tool in epidemiologic studies of pneumonia. The World Health Organization (WHO) methodology for the interpretation pediatric CXRs has not been evaluated beyond its intended application as an endpoint measure bacterial vaccine trials.The Pneumonia Etiology Research Child (PERCH) study enrolled children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with WHO-defined severe and very pneumonia from 7 low- middle-income countries. An process categorized each CXR...
Khat is an amphetamine like psychostimulant chewed by over 10 million people globally. use thought to increase the risk of psychosis among its chewers. The evidence around this however remains inconclusive stemming from scanty number studies in area and small study sample sizes. We undertook a large household survey determine association between psychotic symptoms khat chewing rural growing population Kenya. For cross-sectional survey, we randomly selected 831 participants aged years above...
Background The prevalence of diseases other than TB detected during chest X-ray (CXR) screening is unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. This represents a missed opportunity for identification and treatment potentially significant disease. Our aim was to describe quantify non-TB abnormalities identified by TB-focused CXR the 2016 Kenya National Prevalence Survey. Methods We reviewed random sample 1140 adult (≥15 years) CXRs classified as ‘abnormal, suggestive TB’ or ‘abnormal other’ field...
Community-based screening for tuberculosis (TB) could improve detection but is resource intensive. We set out to evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided TB using digital chest X-ray (CXR) determine if this approach met target product profiles (TPP) community-based screening. CXR images from participants in 2016 Kenya National Prevalence Survey were evaluated CAD4TBv6 (Delft Imaging), giving a probabilistic score pulmonary ranging 0 (low probability) 99 (high probability). constructed...
Female sex workers (FSW) residing in Kibra, Kenya, experience elevated exposure to adverse events, yet the prevalence of parental bereavement is not well characterized. This cross-sectional pilot study on 301 FSWs found that 67.7% these women were parentally bereaved. Significantly fewer bereaved reported historical use condoms and emergency contraception compared nonbereaved women, older age paternal was significantly associated with current contraceptive use. Prevalence rates among this...
Background: Population-based cancer registration represents the gold standard for provision of information on incidence in a defined population (Bray F, et. al, IARC Technical Report No. 43). In Kenya, and prevalence has not been well documented. The existing population-based registries (PBCRs) cover less than 10% Kenya's population. Kenya is made up 47 administrative counties over 45 million people. Aim: To establish National Cancer Registry Program that will compile national data...
Abstract Background Community-based screening for tuberculosis (TB) could improve detection but is resource intensive. We set out to evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided TB using digital chest X-ray (CXR) determine if this approach met target product profiles (TPP) community-based screening. Methods CXR images from participants in 2016 Kenya National Prevalence Survey were evaluated CAD4TBv6 (Delft Imaging), giving a probabilistic score pulmonary ranging 0 (low probability) 99 (high...
Female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa are a marginalized group with an increased morbidity risk. Psychoactive substance use among this is common and increases the risk of adverse health consequences. The type used, extent, nature varies different settings regions. We examine specific psychoactive substances FSWs residing urban informal settlement Nairobi. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April August 2017. Structured questionnaires were administered face-to-face...
Background: The prevalence of diseases other than tuberculosis (TB) detected during chest X-ray (CXR) screening is unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. This represents a missed opportunity for identification and treatment potentially significant disease. Our aim was to quantify characterise non-TB abnormalities identified by TB-focused CXR the 2016 Kenya National TB survey. Methods: We reviewed random sample 1140 adult (≥15 years) CXRs classified as "abnormal, suggestive TB" or "abnormal other"...