The activation of microglia is crucially associated with the neurodegeneration observed in many neuroinflammatory pathologies, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Tectorigenin (TEC) an isoflavone isolated from various medicinal plants, Pueraria thunbergiana Benth, Belamcanda chinensis, Iris unguicularis. In present study, effects TEC were evaluated both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV-2 microglial mouse models. remarkably inhibited reactive oxygen...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by oxidative stress-mediated memory dysfunction and neuronal cell death. This study investigated the effects of an ethanol extract from Bauhinia coccinea (EEBC) on impairment damage in a deficit mouse model. EEBC was administered to ICR mice at doses 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks. Cognitive induced via scopolamine (SCO) injection. Brain tissues were analyzed acetylcholine (ACh) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, apoptosis,...

Therapeutic effects of GCSB-5 on osteoarthritis were measured by the amount glycosaminoglycan in rabbit articular cartilage explants vitro , experimental induced intra-articular injection monoiodoacetate rats vivo . was orally administered for 28 days. In inhibited proteoglycan degradation. significantly suppressed histological changes monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, as well as, levels serum tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects bakuchiol on inflammatory response and identify molecular mechanism in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 mouse microglial cell line mice model. production prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, IL-6 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction...

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a well-documented type 2 helper T (Th2) cell-mediated allergic disease that accompanied by symptoms such as nasal rubbing, sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea. Angelica gigas (AG) traditional oriental medicine, its dried root widely used for the treatment of anemia, sedative, blood tonic.The effects AG on diseases including AR are currently unclear; therefore, we aimed to investigate extract (AG-Ex) in ameliorating AR.The cytotoxicity AG-Ex was analyzed EZ-Cytox or...

Effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. on allergic asthma and their underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Thus, we investigated the effects D. water extract (DDW) mucus hypersecretion in mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced human bronchial epithelial cells. BALB/c were used to establish an OVA-induced model. Mice grouped into OVA sensitization/challenge, 100 300 mg/kg DDW treatment, dexamethasone groups. In mice, cell counts bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum BALF analyses,...

Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT; Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang in China, Hochuekkito Japan) is a traditional Oriental herbal formula comprised of eight medicinal herbs that has long been used for the treatment digestive disorders. A recent clinical study from South Korea reported BJIGT-gamibang administration may be effective treating dementia. We aimed to establish scientific evidence anti-dementia effects BJIGT using vitro and vivo experimental models. measured amyloid- β (Aβ) aggregation, β-secretase...

We explored the preventative effect of Annona atemoya leaf (AAL) extract on memory impairment in a scopolamine (SCO)-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. Fifty-eight mice were randomly divided into six groups and orally treated with AAL at (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) tacrine (TAC) for 21 days. Memory deficits induced by single injection 1 mg/kg SCO (i.p.) improvement was evaluated using behavioral tests such as passive avoidance task Y-maze test. The levels cholinergic functions, neuronal cell...

Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRT) is a traditional oriental herbal formula used in Asian countries for treating inflammatory diseases and controlling fever. Our present study aimed to determine whether HRT has therapeutic effects patients with vascular dementia (VaD) using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) rat model assessing spatial memory impairment activation of neuroinflammation. BCCAO was performed male Sprague Dawley rats induce VaD, oral administered daily 30 d. data showed...

<h2>Abstract</h2> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and caused by various factors including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation. We investigated pharmacological effects ethanol extract <i>Potentilla fragarioides</i> var. <i>major</i> (Rosaceae) (EEPF) on AD-related pathogenesis, which remain elusive. observed EEPF Aβ disaggregation free-radical scavenging activities for 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)...

Despite many efforts to alleviate the pathological conditions of Alzheimer's disease (AD), effective therapeutic drugs have not been developed, mainly because lack molecular information about AD and animal models. We observed reciprocal regulation AD-associated genes (AD genes) their related functions. Upregulated were positioned in central regions protein-protein interaction network involved inflammation DNA repair pathways. Downregulated periphery associated with metabolic Using these...

We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (EGFO) ethanol extract in mice with scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction. Fifty male were randomly divided into a normal control group, scopolamine-treated scopolamine and EGFO extract-treated tacrine-treated group. (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was received for 21 days. Step-through passive avoidance Y-maze tests performed examine treatment on learning impairments. Acetylcholine (Ach) levels acetylcholinesterase...

Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (Elaeagnaceae) is a small evergreen tree with narrow lanceolate leaves that native to Korea. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of E. branches (EGFOB) for first time. Additionally, evaluated effects ethanol extract EGFOB and each its components on key mediators Alzheimer’s disease (AD), namely, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation oxidative stress. The decreased Aβ (IC50 = 32.01 µg/mL) levels free radicals 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic...

Annona atemoya is a hybrid of squamosa and cherimola that grow in several subtropical or tropical areas such as Florida the US, Philippines, Cuba, Jamaica, Taiwan, Jeju South Korea. We report A. leaves (AAL) have inhibitory effects on pathogenesis regulatory mechanisms Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ethanol extract AAL prevented amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation increased free radical scavenging activity. In addition, exerted protective against neuronal cell death HT22 hippocampal cells. Moreover, oral...

Ukgansan (UGS), a traditional herbal formula composing seven medicinal plants, has been applied in Asian countries for treating neurosis, insomnia, and irritability. Here, the current study performed simultaneous determination of marker compounds (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ferulic acid, glycyrrhizin, decursin, decursinol angelate, atractylenolide I) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to establish quality control UGS. A 70% ethanol extract UGS mixture were separated...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is linked to amyloid plaque accumulation, neuronal loss, and brain inflammation. Ficus erecta Thunb. a food medicinal plant used treat inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of F. against cognitive deficit damage in mouse model amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced AD. First, confirmed inhibitory ethanol extracts (EEFE) leaves on Aβ aggregation vivo vitro . Next, behavioral tests (passive avoidance task Morris water maze test) revealed...

Recently, urban particulate matter (UPM) exposure has been associated with the development of brain disorders. This study uses bioinformatic analyses to elucidate molecular unexplored mechanisms underlying effects UPM on brain. Mice are exposed (from 3 days 20 weeks), and their behavioral patterns measured. We measure pathology gene expression in hippocampus cortical regions An integrated interactome genes is established, which enriches information metabolic processes. Using this network, we...

Oyaksoongi-San (OYSGS), which is a combination of 11 herbal ingredients, has long been used in Asia to relieve symptoms various diseases conditions, including vomiting and diarrhea. In this study, we assessed the protective efficacy OYSGS murine model asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) explored potential molecular mechanisms. Male C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with OVA airway challenged (1% w/v PBS) for 1 h. (100, 300, 500 mg/kg once daily) was administered 6 days oral gavage. Our results...

Yukmijihwang-tang (YJT) is a blend of six herbal ingredients that has long been used in Asia for various diseases, including diabetes mellitus and mental decline. Here, we assessed the prophylactic efficacy YJT murine model asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Male C57BL/6 mice underwent sensitization followed an airway challenge with OVA 1 h. (100 or 300 mg/kg once daily) was administered orally 6 days. Our analyses revealed significantly reduced inflammatory cell counts bronchoalveolar...

Terminal differentiation of skin keratinocytes is a vertically directed multi-step process that tightly controlled by the sequential expression variety genes. In this study, we investigated role POU domain-containing transcription factor Brn2 in keratinocyte differentiation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed expressed primarily upper granular layer. Consistent with its epidermal localization, was highly induced at 14 days after calcium treatment cultured normal human keratinocytes. When...

Asian dust storms can be transported across eastern Asia. In vitro, particle-induced inflammation and enhancement of the allergic reaction have been observed. However, fibrotic effects particles are not clear. Production transforming growth factor β(1) (TGF-β(1)) fibronectin were investigated in bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to particulate matter (AD-PM10).During storm periods, air samples collected. The exposed AD-PM10 with without antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Then...