A5030142602- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
- Liver physiology and pathology
- Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Rocket and propulsion systems research
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
2023-2024
Novo Nordisk (Denmark)
2023
Novo Nordisk (United States)
2017-2022
Wirral Community Health and Care NHS Foundations Trust
2022
Novo Nordisk (United Kingdom)
2021
Ann Arbor Center for Independent Living
2018
University of Virginia
2011-2017
National Dong Hwa University
2016
University of Virginia Health System
2011-2015
National Central University
2015
Urocortin (Ucn) III, or stresscopin, is a new member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family identified in mouse and human. Pharmacological studies showed that Ucn III high-affinity ligand for type 2 CRF receptor (CRF-R2). To further understand physiological functions may serve brain, distribution neurons fibers was examined by situ hybridization immunohistochemistry rat brain. III-positive were found predominately within hypothalamus medial amygdala. In hypothalamus,...
Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a recently described homolog of the skin agouti protein. AGRP transcribed primarily in adrenal and hypothalamus high affinity antagonist neural melanocortin-3 melanocortin-4 receptors. The perikarya expressing messenger RNA are found arcuate nucleus rat rhesus monkey. Using polyclonal antibody against pharmacologically active domain (amino acids 83–132), we have also characterized distribution AGRP-immunoreactive neurons both species. major fiber tracts...
ABSTRACT Excitation of neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), especially those residing dorsomedial part nucleus (VMHdm), evokes sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow, modulating a number physiological functions including feeding and blood glucose homeostasis. However, anatomical basis VMH‐mediated SNS activation has thus far proved elusive. To understand how VMH exercise output describe an link between these SNS, we identified downstream neural targets VMHdm by injecting...
The adipose-derived hormone leptin acts via its receptor (LepRb) in the brain to control energy balance. A previously unidentified population of GABAergic hypothalamic LepRb neurons plays key roles restraint food intake and body weight by leptin. To identify markers for candidate populations an unbiased manner, we performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing enriched mouse cells, identifying several unrecognized neurons. Many these displayed strong conservation across species, including...
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH) have been shown to play an important role modulating LH secretion. One mechanism by which ARH NPY system may regulate secretion is GnRH neuronal function. Thus, present study examined whether provided direct input cell bodies preoptic area (POA), as well their nerve terminals median eminence (ME). The possible involvement Y1 receptor subtype mediating effects was also investigated. Lactating rats were used these...
Abstract During lactation, the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which plays an important role in mediating food intake, are significantly elevated a number hypothalamic areas, including arcuate nucleus (ARH). To identify additional systems that might be increase intake and alterations energy homeostasis during present studies examined expression agouti-related protein (AGRP), recently described homologue skin agouti protein. AGRP is found hypothalamus has been suggested to play regulation...
Urocortin 3 (Ucn 3), a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family peptides, is strongly expressed in mammalian pancreatic β cells and has been shown to stimulate insulin secretion. Here we report investigation hypothesis that endogenous Ucn regulates secretion, particularly presence nutrient excess. Secretion 3-like immunoreactivity from cultured was stimulated by high glucose secretagogs such as GLP-1; furthermore, 5 mRNA levels vivo were increased during positive energy...
To identify neurons that specifically increase blood glucose from among the diversely functioning cell types in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), we studied cholecystokinin receptor B–expressing (CCKBR-expressing) VMN targets of glucose-elevating parabrachial neurons. Activation these VMNCCKBR increased glucose. Furthermore, although silencing broader decreased energy expenditure and promoted weight gain without altering levels, hIepatic production, insulin-independently decreasing...
Urocortin (Ucn) III, or stresscopin, is a high affinity ligand for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRFR2) receptor recently identified in rodents and human. Ucn III was initially as neuropeptide expressed discrete areas brain. In present study, we demonstrate that pancreatic beta-cells mouse beta-cell line, MIN6. secretion from cells measured using highly specific RIA, found potassium, forskolin, glucose can stimulate these cells. vivo studies showed rats receiving an iv injection...
Elevated neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in the hypothalamus have been reported during lactation rat. The increase NPY neuronal activity may be important modulating a number of changes hypothalamic function that are associated with lactation. aims present study were to determine 1) if neurons can activated by suckling stimulus; and 2) time course activation response stimulus. In first experiment, lactating rats deprived their 8-pup litters on day 9 post partum for 48 h. On 11, animals divided...
Abstract Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a highly expressed hypothalamic that concentrated in areas associated with the stress response. There evidence for role of CART regulation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, it not clear whether regulates activity HPA axis by directly stimulating ACTH release from pituitary corticotropes or through interaction factors. To address this issue, effects central peripheral administration on were compared. Central...
The endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 2 receptor (CRFR2)-selective ligand urocortin 3 is expressed in discrete subcortical brain regions with fibers distributed mainly to hypothalamic and limbic structures. Close anatomical association between major terminal fields CRFR2 hypothalamus, lateral septum, medial amygdala (MEA) suggest it well placed modulate behavioral hormonal responses stress. Urocortin was administered intracerebroventricularly male rats under basal...
Effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family peptides are mediated through activation two receptors, CRF receptor (CRFR) 1 and CRFR2. Based on homology between known mammalian CRFR genes, we have isolated a cDNA encoding mouse CRFR2alpha (mCRFR2alpha) ortholog from brain. The encodes 411-amino acid protein with high identity to rat (approximately 97%) human 93%) receptors. Central peripheral expression mCRFR2alpha, determined by RT-PCR followed Southern hybridization, revealed...
Skeletal muscle is the principal tissue responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and a major site of peripheral insulin resistance. Urocortin 2 (Ucn 2), member corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family, its cognate type CRF receptor (CRFR2) are highly expressed in skeletal muscle. To determine physiological role Ucn 2, we generated mice that deficient this peptide. Using glucose-tolerance tests (GTTs), insulin-tolerance (ITTs), hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies,...
Urocortin 3 (Ucn 3) is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide with high affinity for the type 2 CRF receptor (CRFR2). Central administration of Ucn stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, suppresses feeding, and elevates blood glucose levels, suggesting that activation brain CRFR2 promotes stress-like responses. Several CRFR2-expressing areas, including ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) posterior amygdala (PA), may be potential sites mediating effects 3. In present...
Extracellular ATP plays a critical role in regulating insulin secretion pancreatic β cells. The released from secretory vesicles has been proposed to be major source of extracellular ATP. Currently, the mechanism by which accumulates into granules remains elusive. In this study, authors identified expression vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) mouse pancreas, isolated islets, and MIN6 cells, cell line. Immunohistochemistry immunofluorescence revealed that VNUT colocalized extensively...
The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) controls diverse behaviors and physiologic functions, suggesting the existence of multiple VMH neural subtypes with distinct functions. Combing translating ribosome affinity purification RNA-sequencing (TRAP-seq) data single-nucleus (snRNA-seq) data, we identified 24 mouse neuron clusters. Further analysis, including snRNA-seq from macaque tissue, defined a more tractable parceling scheme consisting six major genetically anatomically differentiated...
During lactation the suckling stimulus increases activity of two populations neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in hypothalamus, caudal portion arcuate nucleus (ARH) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), suppresses TIDA ARH. In present study, an acute resuckling model was used to examine role suckling-induced hyperprolactinemia modulating these systems. Lactating rats were deprived their eight-pup litters on day 9 postpartum, 48 h later, animals served either as nonsuckled controls (0 pups) or...
A novel natural frequency self-tuning energy harvester is presented, which utilizes the presence of nonlinearity model and well-weighted swing disk to maximize power output bandwidth for a wheel rotating at any speed. Kinetic harvesters are selective, meaning that they have high transmission efficiency only when excited their frequency. The with nonlinear effects can render more broadband, is, it has steady generation various speeds than ill-weighted has. We integrate magnets in circular...
The vital role of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family in brain coordinating response to stress has been extensively documented. effects CRF are mediated by two G-protein-coupled receptors, type 1 and 2 receptors (CRF(1) CRF(2)). While functional CRF(1) hormonal behavioral adaptation is well-known, physiological significance CRF(2) remains be fully appreciated. Accumulating evidence indicated that its selective ligands including urocortin 3 (Ucn 3) important molecular...
Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMH) plays a critical role in regulating feeding and energy metabolism. The expresses high levels the type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFR2) receives prominent innervation nerve fibers containing Urocortin 3 (Ucn 3), an endogenous ligand receptor. In present study, we showed that mice deficient Ucn had elevated basal increased nocturnal food intake after overnight fasting compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. null also lower...