A5003273402- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Sex work and related issues
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Global Health and Surgery
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership
2019-2024
Harvard University
2019-2024
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
2022-2023
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2011-2016
National Institutes of Health
2014
University of Oxford
2010-2014
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
2008-2009
University of Surrey
2008-2009
<ns3:p>Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, infection has quickly spread across globe, with case reported on African continent, Egypt February 14<ns3:sup>th</ns3:sup>, 2020. Although number COVID-19 increased exponentially since beginning pandemic, new deaths recorded countries have been relatively modest, suggesting...
<ns3:p>Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, infection has quickly spread across globe, with case reported on African continent, Egypt February 14<ns3:sup>th</ns3:sup>, 2020. Although number COVID-19 increased exponentially since beginning pandemic, new deaths recorded countries have been relatively modest, suggesting...
Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, infection has quickly spread across globe, with case reported on African continent, Egypt February 14 th, 2020. Although number COVID-19 increased exponentially since beginning pandemic, new deaths recorded countries have been relatively modest, suggesting slower transmission...
Abstract Immunodominance describes a phenomenon whereby the immune system consistently targets only fraction of available Ag pool derived from given pathogen. In case CD8+ T cells, these constrained epitope-targeting patterns are linked to HLA class I expression and determine disease progression. Despite biological importance predetermined response hierarchies, little is known about factors that control immunodominance in vivo. this study, we conducted an extensive analysis cell responses...
ABSTRACT The mechanisms of viral control and loss in chronically infected individuals with or without protective HLA class I alleles are not fully understood. We therefore characterized longitudinally the immunological virological features that may explain divergence disease outcome 70 HIV-1 C-clade-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive South African adults, 35 whom possessed alleles. demonstrate that, over 5 years longitudinal study, 35% lost compared to none ( P = 0.06). Sustained...
In this study the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish and estuarine waters from UK was examined using cultural nucleic acid hybridisation approaches. Forty-nine isolates derived environmental sources were characterised serotyping, PCR, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The serotypic molecular profiles these compared to 20 clinical isolates, including representatives pandemic O3:K6 clone. Thirty percent samples positive for V. parahaemolyticus. tdh gene identified 12%...
Abstract Polyvalent mosaic HIV immunogens offer a potential solution for generating vaccines that can elicit immune responses against genetically diverse viruses. However, it is unclear whether key T cell epitopes be processed and presented from these synthetic Ags recognized by epitope-specific human cells. In this study, we tested the ability of expressed recombinant, replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 26 vectors to process present major clade B C CD8 in A bivalent vaccine...
Background Approximately 30,000 non-citizens are living with HIV in Botswana, all of whom as 2020 eligible to receive free antiretroviral treatment (ART) within the country. We assessed prevalence HIV-1 mutational profiles [pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) and acquired (ADR)] among treatment-experienced (TE) treatment-naïve (TN) Botswana. Methods A total 152 were enrolled from a migrant clinic at Independence Surgery, private practice Botswana 2019–2021. Viral RNA isolated plasma samples...
ABSTRACT HLA-B*57:01 and HLA-B*57:03, the most prevalent HLA-B*57 subtypes in Caucasian African populations, respectively, are HLA alleles protective against HIV disease progression. Understanding mechanisms underlying this immune control is of critical importance, yet they remain unclear. Unexplained differences observed impact dominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response restricted by HLA-B*57:03 chronic infection on Gag epitope KAFSPEVIPMF (KF11; 162 to 172). We previously showed that...
Although CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the control of HIV-1 infection,their antiviral efficacy can be limited by antigenic variation and immune exhaustion.The latter phenomenon is characterized upregulation multiple inhibitory receptors, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), CD244 lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), which modulate functional capabilities cells.
We evaluated subsequent virologic outcomes in individuals experiencing low-level virem ia (LLV) on dolutegravir (DTG)-based first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) Botswana. used a national dataset from 50,742 adults who initiated DTG-based ART June 2016–December 2022. Individuals with at least two viral load (VL) measurements post three months were for first and episodes of LLV (VL:51–999 copies/mL). was sub-categorized as low-LLV (51–200 copies/mL), medium-LLV (201–400 copies/mL) high-LLV...
BackgroundThe persistence of HIV-1-infected cells during antiretroviral therapy is well documented but may be modulated by early initiation in infants.MethodsHere, we longitudinally analyzed the proviral landscape nine infants with vertical HIV-1 infection from Mozambique over a median period 24 months, using single-genome, near full-length, next-generation sequencing.ResultsWe observed rapid decline frequency intact proviruses, leading to disproportional under-representation sequences...
It remains unknown whether the C-C motif chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) coreceptor is still predominant used by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) in Botswana, where HIV-1 subtype C predominates. We sought to determine HIV-1C tropism Botswana using genotypic tools, taking into account effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virologic suppression. gp120 V3 loop sequences from 5602 participants were analyzed for viral three use predicting algorithms/tools: Geno2pheno, Web...
Compared with HIV-1 infection, HIV-2 infection is associated a slower progression to AIDS. Understanding the persistence of might inform mechanisms responsible for differences in pathogenicity versus HIV-1.
Background We evaluated the prevalence of archived proviral drug resistance mutations (DRMs) associated with to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) shortly before Botswana transitioned in 2016 using dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral treatment first-line regimens. Methods used Stanford University HIV database analyze INSTI-resistance (RAMs) a large representative population-based cohort adults recruited 30 geographically dispersed communities as part Combination Prevention...
We assessed HIV-1 drug resistance profiles among people living with HIV (PLWH) detectable viral load (VL) and on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Botswana. The study utilised available 100 residual VL samples from unique PLWH Francistown who had viraemia at-least 6 months after initiating ART Botswana's national program November 2023 to January 2024. Viraemia was categorized as low-level (LLV) (VL: 200-999 copies/mL) or virologic failure (VF) (VL ≥1000 copies/mL). protease,...
We used HIV-1C sequences to predict (in silico) resistance 33 known broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and evaluate the different HIV-1 Env characteristics that may affect virus neutralization. analyzed proviral from adults with documented seroconversion (N = 140) in Botswana (2013-2018). env were bnAb using bNAb-ReP, determine number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) variable region (VC). also assessed presence signature mutations sensitivity vitro. observe varied...
Abstract Rationale: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to long-term viral suppression, reduces proviral reservoir size, and prolongs time rebound. Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lifelong disease, diagnostic monitoring after confirmed infection typically not performed; therefore, little known about the impact early ART on sensitivity assays that detect HIV antibodies nucleic acid in children adolescents. Patient concerns: Here we report 1 case diagnosed...
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses HIV replication, the latent reservoir remains barrier to eradication. It unknown whether long-term ART impacts levels of inducible replication-competent provirus. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed proviral in HIV-1 perinatally infected adolescents having received for >13 years. We recruited 15 vertically living with Botswana. Historical viral load, CD4+ T cell count, and treatment data were retrieved from their outpatient...