Sialic acid (SA) is a key component of gangliosides and neural cell adhesion molecules important during neurodevelopment. Human milk contains SA in the form sialyllactose (SL) an abundant oligosaccharide. To better understand potential role dietary SL on neurodevelopment, effects varying doses brain content neuroimaging markers development were assessed newborn piglet model. Thirty-eight male pigs provided one four experimental diets from 2 to 32 days age. Diets formulated contain: 0 mg SL/L...

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that dietary prebiotics the potential to improve memory, alter social behavior, and reduce anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. The present research sought expand upon such results describe effects of feeding early life on cognition neurochemistry using a translational piglet model.Methods: Pigs were provided customized milk replacer containing 2 g/L each polydextrose (PDX) galactooligosaccharide (PDX/GOS) or 0 (Control) from postnatal day (PND) 2-33....

Human milk contains a unique profile of oligosaccharides (OS) and preliminary evidence suggests they impact brain development. The objective this study was to assess the bovine and/or human (HMO) (2'-fucosyllactose Lacto-N-neotetraose) on cognition, development, hippocampal gene expression. Beginning postnatal day (PND) 2, male pigs received one four replacers containing (BMOS), HMO, both (BMOS + HMO), or neither. Pigs were tested novel object recognition task using delays 1- 48-h at PND 22....

Sialic acid (SA) is an integral component of gangliosides and signaling molecules in the brain its dietary intake may support cognitive development. We previously reported that feeding sialyllactose, a milk oligosaccharide contains SA, alters SA content diffusivity pig brain. The present research sought to expand upon such results describe effects sialyllactose on recognition memory sleep/wake activity using translational model. Pigs were provided ad libitum access customized replacer...

Many animal models have been used to study the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus; most these rodent whose lissencephalic cerebral cortex may not respond ventriculomegaly in same way as gyrencephalic species and size is amenable evaluation clinically relevant neurosurgical treatments. Fewer hydrocephalus used; thus, we expanded upon a porcine model juvenile pigs it explore surgical treatment methods.Acquired was induced 33-41-day old by percutaneous intracisternal injections kaolin (n = 17)....

Introduction: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a protein- and phospholipid-rich that surrounds the lipid droplet in milk. We have previously reported diet composed of combination prebiotics, bovine MFGM (bMFGM), lactoferrin (bLf) supported brain development young pigs. Due to growing interest its potential benefits neurodevelopment, present study focused on effects dietary bMFGM alone using pig as translational model. Methods: Male pigs were provided ad libitum access milk replacer with...

Mounting evidence suggests that dietary oligosaccharides promote brain development. This study assessed the capacity of oligofructose (OF) alone or in combination with 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) to alter recognition memory, structural development, and hippocampal gene expression. Beginning on postnatal day (PND) 2, male pigs received one three milk replacers formulated contain OF, OF + 2′-FL, no (CON). Pigs were tested novel object task using delays 1 48 h at PND 22. At 32–33, magnetic...

Higher protein and fiber diets promote weight management metabolic health. This study aimed to determine if greater loss positive changes in outcomes could be achieved with twice-daily consumption of a high-protein fiber-based multi-ingredient nutritional shake (HPF) compared an isocaloric low-protein, lower placebo (LPF). Study procedures were conducted by independent research organization under clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT03057873. Healthy overweight obese adults [n = 206; BMI...

Background: Human milk contains both arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA). Supplementation of infant formula with ARA DHA results in fatty (FA) profiles, neurodevelopmental outcomes, immune responses formula-fed infants that are more like those observed breastfed infants. Consequently, have been historically added together to formula. This study investigated the impact or supplementation alone combination on tissue FA incorporation, responses, neurodevelopment young pig. Methods:...

Introduction: Oligosaccharides found in mammalian milk have shown the potential to alter brain development across multiple species. The diversity and concentration of these oligosaccharides is species-specific varies greatly between individuals, thus understanding their role cognitive warranted. We investigated impact early life dietary fucosylated/neutral or sialylated human (HMO) on behaviours tasks assessing anxiety, motivation, appetite, learning, memory.Methods: Sixty-four female...

Introduction: Walnuts are considered a good source of essential fatty acids, which is unique among tree nuts. also composed about 10–15% protein, but the quality this protein has not been evaluated. Pistachios and almonds have evaluated for their content using digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), it unclear how in walnuts relates to that other commonly consumed The objective study was substantiate by determining PDCAAS. Methods: A small, 10-day dietary intervention trial...

Pectin is a fermentable soluble fiber that can be used as thickener in formulas for infants and young children. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives concluded pectin not of concern inclusion infant formula at up to 0.2%. As part the safety assessment suitability (≤12 weeks age), we conducted 3-week dietary study neonatal pig model 1) investigate impact different doses pigs' growth 2) explore potential explanation dose response. Male female pigs were fed milk replacer...

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common single gene cause for Autism Spectrum Disorder and prevalent form of inherited mental retardation. Our prior studies have demonstrated that adult FXS mice abnormal blood vessel density (BVD) elevated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A expression (VEGF-A). VEGF-A one prominent regulators BVD, its likely BVD abnormalities. We attenuating can ameliorate many non-vascular abnormalities (Belagodu, Zendeli Slater Galvez: Dev Neurobiol 77 (2017) 14-25),...

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important disease, the ingestion of soy isoflavones (ISF) may benefit PRRSV-infected pigs due to demonstrated anti-inflammatory antiviral properties. The objective this study was quantify effects ISF consumption on fecal microbiome characteristics at different timepoints across a disease challenge determine whether any changes, if present, elude potential biological mechanisms for previously observed...

Elucidating relationships between the gut and brain is of intense research focus. Multiple studies have demonstrated that modulation intestinal environment via prebiotics or probiotics can induce cognitively beneficial effects, such as improved memory reduced anxiety. However, mechanisms by which either act remain largely unknown. We previously different types oligosaccharides affected short- long-term in distinct ways. Given oligosaccharide content human milk highly variable, formula-fed...

Objectives: The pig is a common model utilized to support substantiation of novel bioactive components in infant formula. However, reference ranges for outcomes determine safety are unclear. Our objective was use historical data objectively define typical body and organ growth metrics the domesticated research. Methods: Twenty-two studies were compiled assess weights young pigs. Metadata organized include milk replacer sources, components, sex, breed, source herd, feeding regimen, rearing...

Use of the pig as a preclinical and translatable animal model has been well-documented accepted by research fields investigating cardiovascular systems, gastrointestinal nutrition, is increasingly being used large in neuroscience. Furthermore, an to study neurodevelopment it displays brain growth development patterns similar what occurs humans. As less common neuroscience, surgical dissection procedures on pigs may not be familiar or well-practiced among researchers. Therefore, standardized...