A5030944440- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Global Health Care Issues
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Taxation and Compliance Studies
- Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- School Health and Nursing Education
- Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
- EU Law and Policy Analysis
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Agricultural risk and resilience
- Canadian Policy and Governance
- Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
University of Cape Town
2016-2025
Institute of Development Studies
2023
International Centre for Tax and Development
2023
Ateneo de Manila University
2021
University Hospital Brno
2014-2016
St. Anne's University Hospital Brno
2014-2016
University of Edinburgh
2016
American Cancer Society
2003-2014
Prevention Institute
2014
Emory University
2005-2012
Menstrual hygiene management and health is increasingly gaining policy importance in a bid to promote dignity, gender equality reproductive health. Effective adequate menstrual requires women girls have access their materials products of choice, but also extends into having private, clean safe spaces for using these materials. The paper provides empirical evidence the inequality Kinshasa (DRC), Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Rajasthan (India), Indonesia, Nigeria Uganda concentration indices...
Regret may be a key variable in understanding the experience of smokers, vast majority whom continue to smoke while desiring quit. We present data from baseline wave (October-December 2002) International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey, random-digit-dialed telephone survey cohort over 8,000 adult smokers across four countries—Canada, United States, Kingdom, and Australia—to estimate prevalence regret identify its predictors. The proportion who agreed or strongly with statement "If...
Abstract Prior economic research provides mixed evidence on the impact of cigarette prices youth smoking. This paper empirically tests effects various price measures demand for cigarettes using data collected in a recent nationally representative survey 17 287 high school students. In addition to commonly used measures, study also examined effect as perceived by unique information permits teen‐specific demand. The analysis employed two‐part model based developed Cragg (1971) which propensity...
Objectives: With the male smoking prevalence near 60% in 1991, Thailand was one of first Asian nations to implement strict tobacco control policies. However, success their efforts has not been well documented. Methods: The role policies are examined using “SimSmoke” model. We validated model against survey data on prevalence. then distinguished effect implemented between 1991 and 2006 from long-term trends rates. also estimated attributable deaths lives saved as a result Results: validates...
The purpose of this study was to update global estimates the illicit cigarette trade, based on recent data, and estimate how many lives could be saved by eliminating it much revenue governments would gain.Our market share are formal informal sources. Our method for estimating effect trade tobacco related deaths is West et al. with some minor modifications, involves calculating size trade; price cigarettes thus consumption; losing because it; number tobacco-related premature that avoided if...
ABSTRACT Aims To examine the importance of cigarette prices in influencing smoking cessation and motivation to quit. Design We use longitudinal data from three waves International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey (ITC). The study contrasts quit among US Canadian smokers evaluates how this relationship is modified by prices, nicotine dependence health knowledge. Different price measures are used understand ability purchase cheaper cigarettes may reduce influence prices. Our first...
Limited data on smoking prevalence allowing valid between-country comparison are available in Europe. The aim of this study is to provide and its determinants 18 European countries. In 2010, within the Pricing Policies And Control Tobacco Europe (PPACTE) project, we conducted a face-to-face survey countries (Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain Sweden) total 056 participants,...
To estimate the price elasticity of cigarette demand among youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used to obtain data on smoking behaviour 315,353 adolescents from 17 LMIC.Two-part model with country fixed effects. The first part estimates impact prices participation while second number cigarettes smoked current smokers. Besides controlling for individual characteristics such as Age, Gender, Parental Smoking availability Pocket Money, authors...
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to report prevalence and determinants use smokeless tobacco in a representative sample men women from Sweden, where Swedish snus sales are legal, 17 other European countries, restricted. Methods: In 2010, face-to-face survey including information on current was conducted around 1000 individuals aged ≥15 years per country Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland,...
Background: Higher cigarette prices result in decreased consumption, but some smokers may seek lower-taxed sources. This price avoidance behaviour likely dampens the health impact of higher although it has not been thoroughly studied. Objective: To describe characteristics who purchase low/untaxed cigarettes and to examine how this is associated with subsequent changes smoking behaviours. Methods: Telephone survey data from 8930 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey (ITC-4)...
The globalization of tobacco began more than 500 years ago, but the public health response to death, disease, and economic disruption that it has caused is fewer 50 old. In this report, authors briefly trace history use commerce as moved from Americas in late 15th century then eastward. They discuss wide range issues must be addressed, equally expertise needed if global community successful reducing, eventually eliminating, rising tide use, particularly low- middle-income nations are target...
Objectives To assess the determinants of smoking behaviour and to estimate impact tobacco consumption on other commodities by Cambodian households. Methods in Cambodia, authors used a logistic regression model that estimated probability an individual smoking, given set socioeconomic demographic characteristics. A Seemingly Unrelated Regression method was commodities. The nationally representative 2004 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey, collected National Institute Statistics Ministry Planning...
Tobacco control policies at the state level have been a critical impetus for reduction in smoking prevalence. We examine association between recent changes prevalence and state-specific tobacco activities entire U.S. analyzed 1992-93, 1998-99, 2006-07 Use Supplement to Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) by two indices of or [initial outcome index (IOI) strength (SOTC) index] measured 1998-1999. The IOI reflects cigarette excise taxes indoor air legislation, whereas SOTC program resources...
To describe the characteristics of two primary determinants cigarette consumption: affordability and range prices paid for cigarettes (and bidis, where applicable) in a set 15 countries. From this cross-country comparison, identify places opportunities may exist reducing consumption through tax adjustments.Self-response data from 45,838 smokers countries, obtained Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2008-2011.Using self-response on individual expenditure consumption, we construct measure...
<h3>Objective</h3> To compare two different methods for estimating the size of illicit cigarette market with each other and to contrast estimates obtained by these results an industry-commissioned study. <h3>Methods</h3> We used observational methods: collection data from packs in smokers' personal possession, discarded on streets. The were Warsaw, Poland September 2011 October 2011. tests independence based methods, those estimate pack conducted <h3>Results</h3> found that proportions...
<h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the direct and indirect costs of active smoking in Vietnam. <h3>Method</h3> A prevalence-based disease-specific cost illness approach was utilised to calculate related five smoking-related diseases: lung cancer, cancers upper aerodigestive tract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease stroke. Data on healthcare came from an original survey, hospital records official government statistics. Morbidity mortality due combined with average per...
Effective tobacco tax increases reduce consumption, threatening the profitability of industry. In response, industry employs strategies to negate or minimize full effects increases. By interacting with various government agencies and non-governmental organizations we identified seven such strategies: stockpiling, changing product attributes production processes, lowering prices, over-shifting under-shifting timing price increases, engaging in discrimination and/or offering promotions. Each...
Background Increasing cigarette excise taxes is widely recognised as the most effective measure to reduce demand for cigarettes. The presence of illicit trade undermines effectiveness tax increases both a public health and fiscal measure, because it introduces cheaper alternatives legal, full-priced Objective To assess trends in size market South Africa from 2002 2017 using gap analysis. Methods Tax-paid sales are compared with consumption estimates two nationally representative surveys: All...
The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for disclosure of Potential Conflicts Interest none was reported.
To quantify the impact of tobacco use and related medical expenditure on poverty in India.Tobacco associated attributable to were subtracted from household monthly consumption order derive an appropriate measure disposable income. The 2004 National Sample Survey, a nationally representative survey Indian households, was used estimate true level poverty.Our estimates indicate that accounting for direct would increase rural urban rates by 1.5% (affecting 11.8 million people) 0.72% 2.3 people),...