A5050758571- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Geological formations and processes
- Drilling and Well Engineering
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Heavy metals in environment
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Landslides and related hazards
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Plant and animal studies
Australian National University
2016-2025
Australian Research Council
2019-2025
Goethe University Frankfurt
2024
Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research
2017-2024
ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
2021
Bush Heritage Australia
2021
University of Waikato
2021
Government of the Northern Territory
2020
University of Wollongong
2019
National University College
2016
Multidisciplinary investigations at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea show that agriculture arose independently by least 6950 to 6440 calibrated years before present (cal yr B.P.). Plant exploitation and some cultivation occurred on wetland margin 10,220 9910 cal B.P. (phase 1), mounding began 2), ditched 4350 3980 3). Clearance lower montane rainforests early Holocene, with modification grassland Taro (Colocasia esculenta) was utilized bananas (Musa spp.) were intensively cultivated
Impacts of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems are imperfectly constrained by ecosystem models and direct observations. Pervasive transformations occurred in response to warming associated climatic changes during the last glacial-to-interglacial transition, which was comparable magnitude projected for next century under high-emission scenarios. We reviewed 594 published paleoecological records examine compositional structural vegetation since glacial period project magnitudes...
Climate is an important control on biomass burning, but the sensitivity of fire to changes in temperature and moisture balance has not been quantified. We analyze sedimentary charcoal records show that regime over past 21,000 yrs are predictable from regional climates. Analyses paleo‐ data increases monotonically with peaks at intermediate levels, quantitatively most driver burning yrs. Given a similar relationship between climate drivers emerges analyses interannual variability shown by...
Abstract Aim This paper reviews the biogeography of Australian monsoon tropical biome to highlight general patterns in distribution a range organisms and their environmental correlates evolutionary history, as well identify knowledge gaps. Location Northern Australia, Monsoon Tropics (AMT). The AMT is defined by areas that receive more than 85% rainfall between November April. Methods Literature summarized, including origin climate, present‐day environment, biota habitat types, phylogenetic...
Human Impact? Following the arrival of humans in Australia 40- to 50,000 years ago, many species large vertebrates rapidly became extinct. By analyzing sediment cores from a site northeastern Australia, Rule et al. (p. 1483 ; see Perspective by McGlone ) show that extinction Australian megafauna caused important ecosystem shifts. Prominent among these were shift rainforest vegetation sclerophyllous and sustained increase incidence fire. The also provide evidence cause megafaunal ruling out...
The pace of Holocene vegetation change Although much is known about the rapid environmental changes that have occurred since Industrial Revolution, patterns over preceding millennia been only patchily understood. Using a global set >1100 fossil pollen records, Mottl et al. explored rates past 18,000 years (see Perspective by Overpeck and Breshears). authors show accelerated markedly during Late (∼4.6 to 2.9 thousand ago), even more rapidly than climate-driven associated with end last...
Islands are among the last regions on Earth settled and transformed by human activities, they provide replicated model systems for analysis of how people affect ecological functions. By analyzing 27 representative fossil pollen sequences encompassing past 5000 years from islands globally, we quantified rates vegetation compositional change before after arrival. After arrival, turnover accelerate a median factor 11, with faster colonized in 1500 than those earlier. This global anthropogenic...
Significance Coexposure to airborne pollen enhances susceptibility respiratory viral infections, regardless of the allergy status. We hypothesized this could be also true for SARS-CoV-2 infections. To investigate this, we tested relationships between infection rates and concentrations, along with humidity, temperature, population density, lockdown effects. Our unique dataset derives from 130 sites in 31 countries across five continents. found that pollen, sometimes synergy humidity...
Abstract Hemipelagic sediments from the Amazon deep-sea fan, ODP Site 932 (5° 12.7′N, 47° 1.8′W), and continental shelf provide a 50,000-yr-long pollen record of Basin vegetation. The age model for Hole 932A is constrained by eight magnetic remanence intensity features, one paleomagnetic excursion, three AMS 14 C dates. Alchornea, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Moraceae/Urticaceae are dominant taxa in between 40,200 19,800 cal yr B.P. Andean taxa, such as Podocarpus Hedyosmum, increase...
Abstract Aim The increased incidence of large fires around much the world in recent decades raises questions about human and non‐human drivers fire likelihood activity future. purpose this paper is to outline a conceptual framework for examining where human‐set feedbacks are likely be most pronounced temperate forests world‐wide establish test methodology evaluating using palaeoecological records. Location T asmania, north‐western USA , southern S outh A merica N ew Z ealand. Methods We...
The estimated period in which human colonization of Madagascar began has expanded recently to 5000–1000 y B.P., six times its range 1990, prompting revised thinking about early migration sources, routes, maritime capability and environmental changes. Cited evidence age includes anthropogenic palaeoecological data 2500–2000 megafaunal butchery marks 4200–1900 B.P. OSL dating 4400 the Lakaton'i Anja occupation site. Using large samples newly-excavated bone from sites was earlier dated >2000 we...
The composition and relative abundance of airborne pollen in urban areas Australia New Zealand are strongly influenced by geographical location, climate land use. There is mounting evidence that the diversity quality substantially modified change land-use yet there insufficient data to project future nature these changes. Our study highlights need for long-term aerobiological monitoring Australian a systematic, standardised, sustained way, provides framework targeting most clinically...
Abstract The largest ever primate and one of the southeast Asian megafauna, Gigantopithecus blacki 1 , persisted in China from about 2.0 million years until late middle Pleistocene when it became extinct 2–4 . Its demise is enigmatic considering that was few great apes to go last 2.6 years, whereas others, including orangutan, survived present 5 cause disappearance G. remains unresolved but could shed light on resilience fate megafauna this region 6 Here we applied three multidisciplinary...
Warming at the last glacial termination in North Atlantic region was interrupted by a period of renewed activity during Younger Dryas chronozone (YDC). The underlying mechanism this cooling remains elusive, but hypotheses turn on whether it global or phenomenon. Chronological, sedimentological, and palaeoecological records from sediments small lakes oceanic southern Chile demonstrate that there no YDC Chile. It is therefore likely little Pacific surface waters hence regional, rather than global,
Abstract Aim This paper documents reconstructions of the vegetation patterns in Australia, Southeast Asia and Pacific (SEAPAC region) mid‐Holocene at last glacial maximum (LGM). Methods Vegetation were reconstructed from pollen data using an objective biomization scheme based on plant functional types. The was first tested 535 modern samples 377 sites, then applied unchanged to fossil dating 6000 ± 500 or 18,000 1000 14 C yr bp . Results 1. Tests surface sample sites showed that is capable...
This review of the evidence for early agriculture in New Guinea supported by new data from Kuk Swamp demonstrates that cultivation had begun there at least 6950–6440 cal BP and probably much earlier. Contrary to previous ideas, first farming was not owed SouthEast Asia, but emerged independently Highlands. Indeed plants such as banana were domesticated later diffused into Asian continent.
Abstract A new extended pollen and charcoal record is presented from Lake Euramoo, Wet Tropics World Heritage rainforest of northeast Queensland, Australia. The 8.4-m sediment core taken the center Euramoo incorporates a complete vegetation change fire history spanning period 23,000 cal yr B.P. to present. divided into five significant zones; 23,000–16,800 B.P., dry sclerophyll woodland; 16,800–8600 wet woodland with marginal in protected pockets; 8600–5000 warm temperate rainforest; 5000–70...