To enable an in-depth study of active cyber-physical distribution network, a cyber subsystem model is urgently needed to describe the performance in communication. The methods for quantifying interactions between subsystems, especially indirect interactions, have not been adequately studied existing research. In this paper, novel developed evaluate validity link considering dynamic routing, delay, and communication error, particularly traffic. Then, analytical method presented quantify...

In this paper, a cost-benefit analysis based optimal planning model of battery energy storage system (BESS) in active distribution (ADS) is established considering new BESS operation strategy. Reliability improvement benefit considered and numerical calculation method on expectation proposed for simple convenient reliability with phase. Decision variables include both configuration strategy control variables. order to prevent the interaction between two types enhance global search ability,...

The security assessment is a key function that should be performed in advance of any deployment. Since experiences cyber attack power control systems are still limited, complete methodology for communication networks needed. According to past research, the difficulties include analysis process, and degree each step. Therefore, graph multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) introduced deal with these difficulties. overall decomposed into two parts. One model using graph, includes basic...

Soft normally open points (SNOPs) connected to distribution networks are instrumental in maintaining uninterrupted power supply and improving quality during the fault period. In order achieve optimal service restoration scheme, a novel bi-level model based on robust optimization method is proposed this paper. The upper level of aims at minimizing risk load loss. switch statuses range transmitted by SNOP terminals can be obtained. lower model, interval adopted cope with uncertainties DGs...

To compare the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol with that flexible GnRH antagonist in patients poor prognosis diagnosed per POSEIDON criteria.This was a retrospective cohort study. Low-prognosis women who underwent IVF/ICSI at Reproductive Center Third Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University between January 2016 and 2019 were included according to criteria. The CLBR primary outcome interest. secondary measures numbers oocytes...

Repair crews (RCs) and mobile power sources (MPSs) are emergency resources (EMRs) for distribution system repair restoration. In this paper, an outage management strategy (OMS) is proposed to improve the resilience against extreme weather events in both preventive post-disaster stages. stage, considering uncertainty of fault location, resource allocation problem formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming minimize expected load shedding cost shortly after disaster. The stage cooperative...

Abstract Port area usually possesses a high percentage of fluctuating energy sources (wind turbine and photovoltaic systems load. How to rationally dispatch port resources arrange equipment operation plan is crucial in the development environmentally‐friendly ports. Producing hydrogen using renewable an important technical method promote utilization energy. In order balance electricity consumption unstable output sources, previous studies have proposed scheduling model for logistics‐energy...

To address increasingly severe environmental issues, various countries have introduced relevant protection regulations. This paper proposes a new government regulation measure to encourage manufacturers improve recycling rates. Governments set rate targets and reward-penalty mechanisms. constructs game model involving manufacturer remanufacturer within closed-loop supply chain system. It studies the equilibrium decisions in three scenarios: no intervention, not taking improvement measures...

As cyber physical systems, microgrids (MGs), with distributed generations and energy management can improve the reliability of power supply for customers in MGs. To quantify isolated MGs, a cyber-physical assessment model is proposed. In this model, circuit breakers resources are treated as coupling elements between system system, where uniquely modelled by using Markov process theory based on indirect interdependencies elements. For communication networks formulated link connectivity...

Synergy among renewable energy sources (RESs), network (EN) expansion and electrified transport provides a potential pathway toward low-carbon systems. However, the ambition of deep decarbonization may not be achieved by connecting all stakeholders through single market-wise effort. To this end, article presents coordinative planning framework public electrification (PTE), RESs ENs for urban multi-energy systems (UMESs). The is formulated as three-level programming driven both government...

Compared to electric vehicle (EV) charging mode, battery swapping mode can realize concentrated and orderly charging. Therefore stations (BSS) participate in the demand side management (DSM) as an integrated form. In this context, a new method plan capacity location of BSS for EV, considering DSM, is proposed paper. Firstly, based on original power with rule “First-In First-Out”, bi-level optimal configuration model BSS, which net profit maximized upper operating cost Distribution Company...

As the number and capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power stations increase, it is great significance to evaluate PV-connected systems in an effective, reasonable, quick way. In order overcome challenge PV’s time-sequential characteristic improve upon computational efficiency, this paper presents a new methodology reliability system with stations, which combines intelligent state space reduction pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation (PMCS). First, non-aggregate Markov model output...

Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) for End-User Transformer Level (EUTL) is challenging due to the high penetration of Electric Heating Loads (EHLs), which exhibit significant uncertainty, nonlinearity, and variability. In this paper, a STLF model proposed based on Stacked Auto-Encoder Extreme Learning Machine (SAE-ELM) deep learning framework, can be used extract hidden features from time series load data. order improve capability extracting diverse data generate useful knowledge...

This paper proposes a cyber-physical active distribution system (CPADS) planning method, which considers the economic aspect and overall performance in context of distributed generations (DGs) interconnection. First, composition CPADS is introduced for analyzing effect cyber on goals constraints, based dependence physical investigated. Then, framework proposed by comparing it with (ADS). Second, modeled to search appropriate DGs capacities, communication mode, voltage control frequency...

The C1q complement/TNF-related protein superfamily (CTRPs) displays differential effects on the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, governing cardiovascular function. However, whether and how they may serve as predictor/pro-diagnosis factors for assessing risks coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a clinical study to elaborate implication CTRPs (CTRP1, CTRP5, CTRP7, CTRP15) in CAD. CTRP1 were significantly increased, whereas CTRP7 CTRP15 levels...

Frequency control of isolated microgrid (MG) relies heavily on a safe and reliable cyber system. Random failures elements may cause the malfunction frequency control, resulting in reliability issues, e.g., load shedding or generation curtailment. A modeling assessment method for MG is proposed, considering influence from physical system perspectives. The process modeled to establish interdependencies between within MGs. An proposed quantify impacts element based models. set novel index...

Power grid construction projects are distinguished by their wide variety, high investment, long payback period, and close relation to national development human welfare. To improve the investment accuracy in such effectively prevent risks, this paper proposes an optimization decision-making method for multiple power under a certain scale. Firstly, in-depth analysis of characteristics requirements China's was performed. Thereafter, time sequence holographic adopted conduct multi-dimensional,...

With the growing study on active distribution network, an objective and efficient reliability evaluation method for such cyber-physical systems (CPS) is urgently needed. In this paper, first considering cyber transmission performance, a new proposed of link validity based frequency-time domain transformation. order to quantify indirect interdependencies failures, unresponsiveness probability model switches established. Then, innovative by combining equivalent minimal path method. Finally,...