Abstract Recent studies of murine models mucosal inflammation suggest that, whereas some kinds bacterial microflora are inducers disease, others, known as probiotics, prevent disease. In the present study, we analyzed regulatory cytokine and cell response to probiotic (VSL#3) administration in context Th1 T colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment SJL/J mice. Daily probiotics for 3 wk mice during a remission period between first second course acid, resulted milder form...

Abstract Despite pathophysiologic effects including diarrhea, cholera toxin (CT) is a potent mucosal immunogen and adjuvant. We investigated the influence of CT on T helper (Th)-type 1 (Th1) Th2 cell-regulated Ag-specific B cell isotype IgG subclass Ab responses elicited when was co-administered orally with different protein Ags. When mice were immunized tetanus toxoid (TT) as adjuvant, this regimen induced TT-specific secretory IgA in gastrointestinal tract well serum IgG, IgG1 IgG2b...

Recent observations suggest the involvement of gastrointestinal tract in pathogenesis islet autoimmunity. Thus, modulation gut-associated lymphoid tissue may represent a means to affect natural history disease. Oral administration probiotic bacteria can modulate local and systemic immune responses; consequently, we investigated effects oral compound VSL#3 on occurrence diabetes non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.VSL#3 was administered female NOD mice three times week starting from 4 weeks age. A...

Approximately 12% of human cancers worldwide are associated with infectious agents, which classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 within agents that carcinogenic to humans. Most these viruses. oncogenic viruses include hepatitis C virus, B virus (HBV), T-cell lymphotropic type 1, Epstein-Barr Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, immunodeficiency virus-1 and high-risk papillomaviruses (HPVs). In addition, some polyomaviruses suspected inducing cancer...

Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent mucosal adjuvant that amplifies B and T cell responses to mucosally co-administered antigens, stimulating predominant Th2-type responses. However, little known about the mechanism of adjuvanticity CT on influence this may have Th2 development during priming an immune response. We analyzed effect dendritic cells (DC), which are responsible for at systemic as well level. found induces phenotypic functional maturation blood monocyte-derived DC. Indeed, CT-treated...

Escherichia coli labile toxin (LT) was assessed as mucosal immunogen and adjuvant for tetanus toxoid (TT) in mice. After oral administration of LT, C57BL/6(H-2b) BALB/c (H-2d) mice were high serum antibody responders, while C3H/HeN (H-2k) low responders. High responders exhibited mainly IgG (including IgGl, IgG2a, IgG2b), well IgM IgA, responses IgA. Analysis LT-B-specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells from Peyer's patches (PP) or spleen revealed a mixed Thl (interferon-γ) Th2 (interleukin4 -5)...

Our past studies have shown that the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) induces T helper type 2 (Th2) responses with systemic IgG1, IgE and secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies (Abs). In this study, recombinant murine IL-12 (rmIL-12) was given either parenterally or orally to mice immunized tetanus toxoid (TT) CT determine whether cytokine could redirect CT-induced Th2-type what effect shift would on S-IgA Ab responses. Intraperitoneal administration of rmIL-12 shifted TT-specific toward...

Abstract We addressed the effects of two cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12, derived from APCs, for development mucosal IgA Ab responses following their nasal delivery with protein vaccine tetanus toxoid (TT). Mice treated nasally TT showed higher TT-specific serum IgG (mainly IgG1 IgG2b) than did control mice, but exhibited no IgE negligible secretory (S-IgA) responses. In contrast, IL-12 administered not only induced sharp increases in IgA, also elevated S-IgA Coadministration enhance or over those...

We examined the capacity of a genetically detoxified derivative pertussis toxin (PTX), PT-9K/129G, to act as mucosal adjuvant for an intranasally (i.n.) administered tetanus vaccine. Groups mice were immunized i.n. with nontoxic C-terminal 50-kDa portion (fragment C [Frg C]) either alone or mixed PTX, cholera (CT) subcutaneously (s.c.) equivalent amount Frg adsorbed alhydrogel. In response single immunization, receiving plus PT-9K/129G CT and parenterally developed high-titer (> 20,000)...

In the present study, 23 patients with migraine without aura were monitored during a attack. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and interferon-gamma measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Interestingly, we observed low to undetectable IL-5 IL-4 levels, whereas high IL-10 seen in 52.2% patients. Interferon-gamma plasma all After treatment sumatriptan, 10 showed subsequent decrease an increase both levels. Although these findings are derived from limited...

Canine parvovirosis is a very contagious, severe and often lethal infectious disease of dogs caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). Parvoviruses are resistant to several disinfectants while sensitive halogens such as sodium hypochlorite which used for decontamination veterinary clinics animal housing facilities due its broad spectrum activity. If compliance with vaccination programmes proper disinfection plans ensured, there should be no continuous, nor frequent, CPV-2 outbreaks in...

Thirty‐two patients suffering from migraine without aura were assessed during the interictal period to evaluate contribution of cytokines pathophysiology migraine. To this end, plasma levels IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐10 measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELlSA) techniques. Plasma both IFN‐γ not increased in did differ significantly healthy controls. Of interest, we observed a strong increase IL‐5 84.3% as well IL‐4 37.5% with aura. These results suggest preferential enhancement...

Cannabis-based drugs have been shown to be effective in inflammatory diseases. A number of endocannabinoids including N- arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) with activity at the cannabinoid receptors (CBR) CBR1 CBR2, identified. Other structurally related endogenous fatty acid compounds such as oleoylethanolamide (OEA) palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA) identified biological tissues. These do not bind CBR but might involved facilitating actions directly...

We have investigated the effects of IL-12 and cholera toxin (CT) on immune response to tetanus toxoid (TT) given by intranasal or oral routes. CT inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma secretion both in vivo vitro. Intranasal administration mice nasally immunized with combined vaccine TT resulted increased TT-specific IgG2a IgG3 Abs, while IgG1 IgE Ab responses were markedly reduced. This shift CT-induced toward Th1 type was associated CD4+ T cells secreting reduced levels Th2-type cytokines...

Abstract The highly purified saponin derivative, QS-21, from the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree has been proved to be safe for parenteral administration and represents a potential alternative bacterial enterotoxin derivatives as mucosal adjuvant. Here we report that p.o. of QS-21 with vaccine protein tetanus toxoid elicited strong serum IgM IgG Ab responses, which were only slightly enhanced by further oral immunization. subclass responses predominantly IgG1 followed IgG2b 50-μg dose whereas...

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to determine extent immunologic responses, particularly immunopathologic within upper and lower respiratory tracts after intranasal immunization using mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with influenza virus vaccine combined CT. inclusion CT clearly enhanced generation antibody responses in both nasal passages lungs. After immunization, antigen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-forming cells dominated...

Gram negative organisms are frequently isolated from Caretta caretta turtles, which can act as reservoir species for resistant microorganisms in the aquatic environment. C. caretta, have no history of treatment with antimicrobials, useful sentinel microbes. In this culture-based study, commensal bacteria oral and cloacal samples 98 healthy were compared to clinical isolates wounds 102 injured animals, order investigate presence AMR free-living loggerheads Adriatic Sea. A total 410 cultured....

Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is produced by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae and has the ability to reversibly alter intestinal epithelial tight junctions, allowing passage macromolecules through mucosal barrier. In present study, we investigated whether Zot could be exploited deliver soluble antigens nasal mucosa for induction antigen-specific systemic immune responses. Intranasal immunization mice with ovalbumin (Ova) recombinant Zot, either fused maltose-binding protein (MBP-Zot) or a...