Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant signaling molecule that mediates the induction of defense responses upon attack by variety pathogens. Moreover, it antagonizes gene stress jasmonic (JA). Several SA-responsive genes are regulated basic/leucine zipper-type transcription factors TGA family. interact with NPR1, central regulator many SA-induced including SA/JA antagonism. In order to identify further regulatory proteins SA-dependent pathways, yeast protein interaction screen tobacco TGA2.2 as bait...

Durum wheat is the 10th most important crop in world, and its use traces back to origin of agriculture. Unfortunately, last century only part genetic diversity available for this species has been captured modern varieties through breeding. Here, population structure shared among elites landraces collected from 32 countries was investigated. A total 370 entries were genotyped with Axiom 35K array identify 8,173 segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Of these, 500 selected as...

Abstract Gene duplication followed by functional specialization is a potent force in the evolution of biological diversity. A comparative study two highly conserved duplicated genes, ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-LIKE PROTEIN1 (ATX1) and ATX2, revealed features both partial redundancy divergence. Although structurally similar, their regulatory sequences have diverged, resulting distinct temporal spatial patterns expression ATX1 ATX2 genes. We found that methylates only limited fraction nucleosomes...

The expression of the Arabidopsis gene WRKY70 is known to be antagonistically regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic (JA) signaling pathways. encodes a transcription factor functioning at crossroad two Here we show that homolog Trithorax, ATX1, activates involved in establishing trimethylation pattern histone H3 tail lysine 4 (H3K4me3) residues its nucleosomes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses with antiATX1 specific antibodies demonstrated primary target for ATX1...

Since the dawn of agriculture, crop yield has always been impaired through abiotic stresses. In a field trial across five locations worldwide, we tested three stresses, nitrogen deficiency, drought and salinity, using HEB-YIELD, selected subset wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. We show that flowering time genes Ppd-H1, Sdw1, Vrn-H1 Vrn-H3 exert pleiotropic effects on plant development grain yield. Under conditions, these are strongly influenced by environmental cues...

Tightly balanced antagonism between the Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) complexes maintain Hox expression patterns in Drosophila murine model systems.Factors belonging to PcG/TrxG control various processes plants as well but whether they participate mechanisms that antagonize, balance or each other's effects at a particular gene locus is unknown.CURLY LEAF (CLF), an Arabidopsis homolog of enhancer zeste (EZ) ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX (ATX1) flower homeotic AGAMOUS...

Increasing cuticular wax accumulation in plants has been associated with improving drought tolerance plants. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding the SlSHN1 transcription factor, closest ortholog to WIN/SHN1 gene Arabidopsis, was isolated from tomato plant. Expression analysis of indicated that it is induced response conditions. The over-expression under control constitutive CaMV 35S promoter produced showed mild growth retardation phenotype shiny and dark green leaves. Scanning electron...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal crop, which cultivated under variable environmental conditions and abiotic stresses in marginal areas around the globe. In this study, we evaluated 150 Jordanian landraces obtained from ICARDA Gene Bank four local checks for yield components related-traits two locations across Jordan three growing seasons rainfed conditions. The study aims to identify superior barley genotypes dry conditions, understand genotype × environment (G E) interactions,...

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a major crop of North Africa. Here, its production affected by Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor, HF) epidemics. Genetic resistance against this pest exist, but molecular basis remains unclear. panel 159 modern lines were exposed to the Moroccan HF biotype. Association mapping studies revealed three loci conferring resistance. QH.icd-2A was identified at LOD 24.1 on telomeric end 2AL, and it believed represent novel locus derived from T. dicoccum....

Breeding of high-yielding and stable durum wheat varieties with improved kernel characteristics is needed for dry regions around the globe. The aim this study was to investigate performance stability eight genotypes varying in their across 15 contrasting environments. tested material included three recombinant inbred lines (NUR-072, NUR-106 NUR-238) derived from a cross between Norsi, Jordanian landrace special UC1113

Salmonella is a major causative factor of bacterial foodborne diseases in humans. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial vulnerability profiles and presence genes resistance (AMR) among spp. recovered from chilled raw chicken meat at abattoirs local markets Jordan. Out 700 samples, total 106 (15.14%) isolates tested were positive for Salmonella-(invA) gene: carcasses collected (14.5%, 29/200) retail (16.25%, 65/400) as well breast (12.0%, 12/100). More than 98% exhibited least one...

Heat stress occurring during the reproductive stage of wheat has a detrimental effect on productivity. A durum core set was exposed to simulated terminal heat by applying plastic tunnels at time flowering over two seasons. Mean grain yield reduced 54% compared control conditions, and number most critical trait for tolerance this stress. The combined use indices identified five top performing elite lines: Kunmiki, Berghouata1, Margherita2, IDON37-141, Ourgh. also subjected genome wide...

Commiphora gileadensis L. is an important endangered medicinal plant that belongs to the family Burseraceae. In this study, C. callus culture was established successfully using mature leaves as explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 24.50 μM of indole butyric acid (IBA) 2.22 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (callus induction media). The obtained maintained MS medium 16.11 naphthalene acetic (NAA) in combination 6.66 BAP, which resulted a substantial increase fresh dry...

This study explores the in vitro cultivation of Chiliadenus montanus (Vhal.) Brullo (Asteraceae), focusing on callus multiplication, seed germination, phenolic compound production, and antioxidant activity. Callus induction was optimized, followed by multiplication using Murashige Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 2.0 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest germination rate C. seeds (11.6 ± 2.22%) achieved half-strength MS 0.5 gibberellic...

Plants respond to environmental stresses by altering transcription of genes involved in the response. The chromatin modifier ATX1 regulates expression a large number genes; consequently, factors that affect activity would also influence from ATX1-regulated genes. Here, we demonstrate dehydration is such factor implicating plant's response drought. In addition, report hitherto unknown Arabidopsis gene, At3g10550, encodes phosphoinositide 3'-phosphatase related animal myotubularins (AtMTM1)....

Drought at pre-anthesis stages can influence barley growth and results in yield losses. Therefore, it is important to understand how drought affect different traits associated with reduction barley. The objective of this study was the relevance genetic background major flowering time genes plants subjected its impact on components. A glasshouse experiment using a Randomized Complete Block Design conducted investigate effect timing components eleven genotypes, which were selected represent...

Abstract Identification and exploration of the genetic architecture traits related to yield, quality, drought heat tolerance is important for yield quality improvement wheat through marker-assisted selection. One hundred ninety-two spring genotypes were tested at two heat-stress locations in Sudan (Wad Medani Dongula), a stress site Morocco (Marchouch) with high potential Egypt (Sids) replicated trials during 2015–2016 2016–2017 cropping seasons. A total 10,577 single nucleotide polymorphism...

Barley stripe rust is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, (Psh), occurs worldwide, and a major disease in South Asia. The aim of this work was to identify estimate effects loci underlying quantitative resistance at seedling adult plant stages. HI-AM panel 261 barley genotypes consisting released cultivars from North America, Europe, Australia, advanced breeding lines, local landraces ICARDA program were screened stages for Psh. Seedling evaluated with the five prevalent Psh races...

The sizes of plant organs such as fruit and seed are crucial yield components. Tomato KLUH underlies the locus fw3.2, an important regulator weight. However, mechanism by which expression levels affect organ size is poorly understood. We found that higher SlKLUH increased cell proliferation in pericarp within 5 d post-anthesis tomato near-isogenic lines. Differential gene analyses showed lower was associated with genes involved lipid metabolism. Lipidomic analysis revealed repression mainly...

Barley spot blotch (SB) caused by Cochliobolus sativus is one of the major constrains to barley production in warmer regions worldwide. The study was undertaken identify and estimate effects loci underlying quantitative resistance SB at seedling adult plant stages. A panel 261 high input (HI-AM) genotypes consisting released cultivars, advanced breeding lines, landraces, screened for blotch. screening conducted using two virulent isolates from Morocco (ICSB3 SB54) while stage evaluated hot...

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a member of the family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus. To test infectivity TYLCV in tomato plants, an improved protocol for inoculation vitro-cultured plants was developed. A isolate cloned, sequenced and used to construct 1.8-mer infectious clone. Three weeks old microshoots TYLCV-susceptible were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring clone isolate. After two weeks, symptoms started appear on vitro-inoculated became more severe...