<h3>Importance</h3> Prenatal maternal psychological distress is associated with disturbances in fetal brain development. However, the association between altered development, prenatal distress, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine of development using 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes, cortical folding, metabolites setting infant 18-month neurodevelopment. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Healthy mother-infant dyads...

<h3>Importance</h3> Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes and neuropsychiatric deficits in children. Currently unavailable vivo interrogation of fetal brain function could provide critical insights into the onset timing altered neurodevelopmental trajectories. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate association between prenatal maternal stress, anxiety, depression resting state functional connectivity. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3>...

<h3>Importance</h3> Children raised in settings with lower parental socioeconomic status are at increased risk for neuropsychological disorders. However, to date, the association between and fetal brain development remains poorly understood. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine vivo growth cerebral cortical using advanced, 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This cohort study of enrolled 144 healthy pregnant women from 2 low-risk community obstetrical...

Elevated maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes in offspring. The potential effects of intensified levels the COVID-19 pandemic on developing fetal brain are currently unknown.

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> MR imaging provides critical information about fetal brain growth and development. Currently, morphologic analysis primarily relies on manual segmentation, which is time-intensive has limited repeatability. This work aimed to develop a deep learning–based automatic segmentation method that improved accuracy robustness compared with atlas-based methods. <h3>MATERIALS METHODS:</h3> A total of 106 studies were acquired prospectively from fetuses between 23 39...

Early electrophysiological brain oscillations recorded in preterm babies and newborn rodents are initially mostly driven by bottom-up sensorimotor activity only later can detach from external inputs. This is a hallmark of most developing areas, including the hippocampus, which, adult brain, functions integrating inputs onto internal dynamics. Such developmental disengagement likely fundamental step for proper development cognitive models. Despite its importance, timeline circuit basis this...

Striatal GABAergic microcircuits modulate cortical responses and movement execution in part by controlling the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). How this is altered chronic dopamine depletion, such as Parkinson9s disease, not presently understood. We now report that, dopamine-depleted slices striatum, MSNs generate giant spontaneous postsynaptic currents (single or bursts at 60 Hz) interspersed with silent episodes, rather than continuous, low-frequency drive (5 observed control MSNs....

Axonal degeneration represents one of the earliest pathological features in motor neuron diseases. We here studied underlying molecular mechanisms progressive neuronopathy ( pmn ) mice mutated tubulin-specific chaperone TBCE. demonstrate that TBCE is a peripheral membrane-associated protein accumulates at Golgi apparatus. In mice, destabilized and disappears from apparatus neurons, microtubules are lost distal axons. The axonal microtubule loss proceeds retrogradely parallel with dying back...

Abstract Recent advances in brain imaging have enabled non-invasive vivo assessment of the fetal brain. Characterizing development healthy fetuses provides baseline measures for identifying deviations function high-risk clinical groups. We examined 110 resting state MRI data sets from at 19 to 40 weeks’ gestation. Using graph-theoretic techniques, we characterized global organizational features functional connectome and their prenatal trajectories. Topological related network integration...

Sex-based differences in brain structure and function are observable throughout development thought to contribute behavior, cognition, the presentation of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using multiple support vector machine (SVM) models as a data-driven approach assess sex differences, we sought identify regions exhibiting sex-dependent functional connectivity determine whether they were robust sufficiently reliable classify even prior birth. To accomplish this, used sample 110 human fetal...

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDA neurons) are essential for the control of diverse motor and cognitive behaviors. However, our understanding activity immature mDA is rudimentary. Rodent migrate differentiate early in embryonic life axons enter striatum contact striatal a few days before birth, but when these functional not known. Here, we recorded Ca(2+) transients Na(+) spikes from (E16-E18) postnatal (P0-P7) with dynamic two-photon imaging patch clamp techniques slices tyrosine...

Background Due to random motion of fetuses and maternal respirations, image quality fetal brain MRIs varies considerably. To address this issue, visual inspection the images is performed during acquisition phase after 3D‐reconstruction, are re‐acquired if they deemed be insufficient quality. However, process time‐consuming subjective. Multi‐instance (MI) deep learning methods (DLMs) may perform task automatically. Purpose propose an MI count‐based DLM (MI‐CB‐DLM), vote‐based (MI‐VB‐DLM),...

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the fetal brain can be used to study emerging metabolite profiles in developing brain. Identifying early deviations metabolic high-risk fetuses may offer important adjunct clinical information improve surveillance and management during pregnancy.To investigate normative trajectory metabolites second half gestation, determine impact using different Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB) threshold on measurements spectroscopy.We prospectively enrolled...

Cellular diversity supports the computational capacity and flexibility of cortical circuits. Accordingly, principal neurons at CA1 output node murine hippocampus are increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous population. Their genes, molecular content, intrinsic morpho-physiology, connectivity, function seem to segregate along main anatomical axes hippocampus. Since these reflect temporal order cell neurogenesis, we directly examined relationship between birthdate pyramidal neuron diversity,...

Cellular electrophysiological signatures of Parkinson's disease described in the pharmacological 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal models include spontaneous repetitive giant GABAergic currents a subpopulation striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and rhythmic bursts spikes generated by subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons. We investigated whether similar are present Pink1 −/− mice, genetic rodent model PARK6 variant disease. Although 9- to 24-month-old mice show reduced dopamine content...

Abstract The subplate is a transient brain structure which plays key role in the maturation of cerebral cortex. Altered growth and cortical development have been suggested fetuses with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) third trimester. However, at an earlier gestation, putative altered CHD poorly understood. This study aims to examine (i.e., volume thickness) its relationship sulcal compared healthy by using 3D reconstructed fetal magnetic resonance imaging. We studied 260 fetuses,...

Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic system perturbations following premature birth may explain neurodevelopmental deficits in the absence of structural brain injury. Using GABA-edited spectroscopy (MEscher-GArwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy [MEGA-PRESS] on 3 T MRI), we have described in-vivo GABA+ (+macromolecules) Glx (glutamate + glutamine) concentrations term-born infants. We report previously unavailable comparative data cerebellum, right basal ganglia, frontal...

In utero exposure to maternal stress, anxiety, and depression has been associated with reduced cortical thickness (CT), CT changes, in turn, adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. Here, we investigated global regional (G/RCT) changes fetal psychological distress 265 brain MRI studies from 177 healthy fetuses of low-risk pregnant women. GCT was measured gray matter (CGM) voxels; RCT estimated 82 regions. 87% regions strongly correlated GA. Fetal most the parahippocampal region, ventromedial...

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been accompanied by increased prenatal maternal distress (PMD). PMD is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes which may be mediated the placenta. However, potential impact of on in vivo placental development remains unknown. To examine and structural using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acquired anatomic images placenta from 63 pregnant women without known COVID-19 exposure during 165 pre-pandemic controls. Measures...

Women carrying a fetus diagnosed with congenital heart disease often experience significant distress because of their medical diagnosis. Given the well-documented impact associated elevated prenatal stress and critical importance developing targeted interventions, this study aims to examine stressors, coping resilience resources, mental health treatment preferences in pregnant women receiving diagnosis inform development psychological intervention reduce maternal prenatally.Three groups...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate system disruptions may underlie neonatal brain injury. However, in vivo investigations are challenged by the need for special 1H-MR spectroscopy sequences reliable measurement of neurotransmitters this population. We used J-edited (Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy) to quantify regional gamma-aminobutyric concentrations during early postnatal period healthy neonates. prospectively enrolled neonates acquired Mescher-Garwood spectra on a 3T MR...