Microneedles are small-scale devices that may be used for drug delivery and biosensing. In this study, the forces required mechanical failure, modes of as well mechanisms microneedle penetration into porcine skin were examined. produced from acrylate-based polymer e-Shell 200 using an indirect rapid prototyping approach involving two-photon polymerization poly(dimethylsiloxane) micromolding found to possess sufficient strength skin. The failure order magnitude greater than necessary full...

Spaceborne LiDAR has been widely used to obtain forest canopy heights over large areas, but it is still a challenge spatio-continuous with this technology. In order make up for deficiency and take advantage of the complementary multi-source remote sensing data in height mapping, new method estimate was proposed by synergizing spaceborne (ICESat-2) data, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) multi-spectral images, topographic considering types. study, National Geographical Condition Monitoring...

Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in investigating carbon cycle and NPP provided by forest constitutes the main component of terrestrial vegetation NPP. Since late 1990s, a series policies for protecting have been implemented Heilongjiang Province, China, directly leading to continuous change area growth environment. As result, analysis spatiotemporal characteristics after implementation protection was conducted this study, influencing factors distribution...

Abstract Electromagnetic waves are used in wood inspection and treatment. Three important parameters need to be considered the application of this method, including moisture content (MC), porosity, dielectric constant ( ε ), which affect effectiveness electromagnetic waves, these can interact with each other. This study’ elucidated effect porosity on at different MCs (absolute dry saturated) frequency f ) range 1 Hz–10 7 Hz. The results indicated that needs consider both MC. Relationships...

Laboratory and field experiments were performed to examine the feasibility of using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) monitor moisture content (MC) wood standing trees. The TDR was used detect electromagnetic wave propagation time four tree species (Betula platyphylla, Tilia tuan, Picea asperata, Fraxinus mandshurica) at different MCs. During test, effects probe insertion depths on MC predictive accuracy considered. best results obtained an depth 8 cm. At selective cm depth, a species-specific...

Accurately measuring the moisture content (MC) of square timber is crucial for ensuring quality and performance wood products in processing. Traditional MC detection methods have certain limitations. Therefore, this study developed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model based on first 8 nanoseconds ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signals to predict timber. The found that mixed-species exhibited effective predictive (R2 = 0.9864, RMSE 0.0393) across tree species red...

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect temperature on stress wave velocity (SWV) in green wood below zero degress centigrade (0°C). Both field and laboratory tests were conducted standing Korean pine trees small samples effects low at various moisture content (MC) SWV. As expected, SWV increased with decreasing temperature. However, near 0°C, increment not linear but showed disproportional high increments MCs above 50%. To explain phenomenon, differential scanning...

Many wood species are resistant to penetration of liquids. Impermeability can affect a variety properties including the ability deliver preservatives, adhesive bonding, and coating applications. Developing methods for altering this characteristic could help in utilization impermeable species. One method is through use supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) which solubilize wide range organic compounds. In report, we examined varying SC-CO2 conditions improve permeability Paulownia fortunei....

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect decay on electrical resistance (ER) wood with a high moisture content (> 45%) and try determine mechanism. Poplar blocks were exposed brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex. Fr.) Murr.) for 2 12 weeks obtain different degrees decay. ER values non decayed at various contents measured using voltammetry method statistically analyzed. It found that decreased exposure time. Changes in quick during first exposure, which...

Abstract Dielectric sensors are a popular choice for determining wood moisture content. However, the output of these devices, especially when measuring high content, may be significantly affected by content itself, sensor frequency ( f ) and environmental temperature T ). This study investigated effect mechanism on dielectric properties with different contents. constant ε loss factor (tan δ Populus nigra , Tilia tuan Abies fabri Fraxinus mandshurica samples various contents were measured...

The wood of poplar species is generally perceived as susceptible to decay, however, still widely used columns in traditional Chinese buildings. Understanding how decay affects the compressive properties this material will help engineers better assess condition during routine inspection and maintenance. effects on were explored using a brown rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum). Changes compression strength fairly linear more closely correlated with mass loss (R 2= 0,75). results suggest that...

The main chemical indicators for healthy wood and rotted at different decay levels in two species, namely Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Pinus koraiensis, were preliminary analyzed. cellulose content, lignin relative crystallinity measured using the nitric acid-ethanol method, acid-insoluble lignin, X-ray diffraction to further explore process of decay. Results indicated that content decreased increased as increased. results showed there no significant changes lattice structure between wood....

Abstract The decay rate of standing Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ) in natural forests can be as high 50% and is likely influenced by the soil properties nutrient water status site. To clarify relationship between severity tree order to prevent a mixed forest Xiaoxing’an Mountains, wood strength trees was nondestructively assessed, extracted cores quantified based on differences mass two decayed increment at breast height an intact core near ones. Soil samples from critical root zone...

Wood decay is a releasing process of carbon fixed in the wood. The study on sequestration change caused by can provide theoretical basis for wood preservation and utilization. At present, there are few reports influence emission no corresponding quantitative data. Therefore, one broad-leaved species, Poplar , coniferous Korean pine were selected as research object, brown rot fungus ( Gloeephyllum trabeum ) white Coriolus versicolor used to conduct accelerated test samples laboratory. During...

the feasibility of capacitance method for detecting water content in standing tree trunks was investigated using capacitance-based equipment that designed measuring trunks.

<title>Abstract</title> Electromagnetic waves are gradually used in wood inspection and treatment. Three important parameters need to be considered the application of this method, including moisture content (MC), porosity, dielectric constant (ε), which affect effectiveness electromagnetic waves, these can interact with each other. This study’s objective is elucidate effect mechanism porosity on ε different MCs (absolute dry saturated) frequency(<italic>f</italic>) range 1 Hz-10⁷...