A5102014677- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
- Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
- Magnetic Properties and Applications
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
- Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
Cockcroft Institute
2014-2025
University of Manchester
2014-2025
Daresbury Laboratory
2009-2024
Sci-Tech Daresbury
2014-2021
Energy Institute
2021
UCL Australia
2021
University College London
2021
Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics
2006-2018
Wrexham University
2017
University of KwaZulu-Natal
1978-2013
We present the FP420 R&D project, which has been studying key aspects of development and installation a silicon tracker fast-timing detectors in LHC tunnel at 420 m from interaction points ATLAS CMS experiments. These would measure precisely very forward protons conjunction with corresponding central as means to study Standard Model (SM) physics, search for characterise new physics signals. This report includes detailed description case detector and, particular, measurement Central Exclusive...
Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) beams are a promising alternative to conventional radiotherapy due their highly penetrating nature and applicability as modality for FLASH (ultra-high dose-rate) radiotherapy. The dose distributions VHEE need be optimised; one option is through the use of quadrupole magnets focus beam, reducing healthy tissue allowing targeted delivery at or dose-rates. This paper presents an in depth exploration focusing achievable current CLEAR (CERN Linear Accelerator...
The influence of O2, CO2, CO, N2, H2 and CH4 on the stability quantum efficiency (QE) a negative electron affinity gallium arsenide (GaAs) photocathode activated with caesium (Cs) oxygen (O) has been demonstrated for first time under an extremely high vacuum condition, base pressure 1.5 × 10−11 mbar, where background gas is minimized. It was found that exposure GaAs to does not affect QE, whereas CO2 CO leads substantial reduction in QE. also QE photocathodes which have degraded O2 can be...
Abstract This paper presents the first demonstration of deeply penetrating dose delivery using focused very high energy electron (VHEE) beams quadrupole magnets in Monte Carlo simulations. We show that focal point is readily modified by linearly changing magnet strength only. also present a weighted sum to form spread-out peak (SOEP) over target region. has significantly reduced entrance compared proton-based Bragg (SOBP). Very are an exciting prospect external beam radiotherapy. VHEEs less...
Abstract This paper presents the first plasmid DNA irradiations carried out with Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) over 100–200 MeV at CLEAR user facility CERN to determine Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of VHEE. damage yields were measured in dry and aqueous environments that ~ 99% total breaks caused by indirect effects, consistent other published measurements for protons photons. Double-Strand Break (DSB) yield was used as biological endpoint RBE calculation, values found be...
Abstract Ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) irradiation has been shown to have a sparing effect on healthy tissue, an known as ‘FLASH’. This studied across several radiation modalities, including photons, protons and clinical energy electrons, however, very little data is available for the of FLASH with Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE). pBR322 plasmid DNA was used biological model measure damage in response Electron (VHEE) at conventional (0.08 Gy/s), intermediate (96 Gy/s) ultra-high rates (UHDR,...
Very High-Energy Electron (VHEE) beams offer potential advantages over current clinical radiotherapy modalities due to their precise dose targeting and minimal peripheral spread, which is ideal for treating deep-seated tumours. To aid the development of VHEE machines, this study adressed need identify optimum beam characteristics tumours across various anatomical sites. treatment planning employed matRad, an open-source system, by adapting its proton pencil scanning implementation. were...
In this paper we report the first time demonstration under extremely high vacuum (XHV) conditions of influence O2, CO2, CO, N2, H2 and CH4 on quantum efficiency (QE) negative electron affinity (NEA) gallium arsenide (GaAs) photocathodes activated with Cs NF3. The were exposed to a small quantity (<0.25 Langmuirs) each gas species test in chamber typical base pressure mbar, thereby minimising residual photocathode response. It was found that exposure does not affect QE photocathodes, whereas...
It is shown that a functional inequality may be used to establish variational principles for partition functions and distribution functions. The inequalities relate of higher order those lower order. They can suggest approximate integral equations functions, test modify on which based the systematic computation by variation parameters.
Abstract Very high energy electrons (VHEE) are a potential candidate for radiotherapy applications. This includes tumours in inhomogeneous regions such as lung and prostate cancers, due to the insensitivity of VHEE inhomogeneities. study explores how range can be used perform successful vitro radiobiological studies. The ARES (accelerator research experiment at SINBAD) facility DESY, Hamburg, Germany was deliver 154 MeV both (PC3) (A549) cancer cells suspension. Dose delivered samples with...
Objective. The radiation response of alanine is very well characterized in the MV photon energy range where it can be used to determine dose delivered with an accuracy better than 1%, making suitable as a secondary standard detector cancer therapy. This not case low keV x-ray affected by large uncertainties and strongly dependent on beam energy. motivated study undertaken here.Approach. Alanine pellets nominal thickness 0.5 mm diameter 5 were irradiated monoenergetic x-rays at Diamond Light...
The transverse wakefield excited by multiple bunches in ultrarelativistic charged particle beams a linear collider must be adequately damped order to preserve the luminosity of colliding and prevent beam breakup instability developing. A review means achieving this suppression is discussed detail for normal conducting linacs utilized colliders. In particular, features detuned series structures are described compared other methods. conspectus experimental results along with theoretical...
During the past five years, there has been an concerted program at SLAC and KEK to develop accelerator structures that meet high gradient (65 MV/m) performance requirements for Next Linear Collider (NLC) Global (GLC) initiatives. The design resulted is a 60-cm-long, traveling-wave structure with low group velocity 150 degree per cell phase advance. It average iris size produces acceptable short-range wakefield, dipole mode damping detuning adequately suppresses long-range wakefield. More...
Experimental observations show that the beam-plasma instability generates a modified beam distribution function which can destabilize new modes. These sideband modes nonlinearly saturate, modify further, and cascade proceeds. For strong beams attendent phase mixing lead to quasilinear-like spectrum of waves nearly plateau-like beam. absolute instability, approach quasilinear system is slower than for convective because fundamentally discrete.
Plasma inhomogeneity modifies Ti in surface magnetic cusps and introduces an inequality, Ti/b/ not=Ti perpendicular to B, which leads erroneous estimates of the Larmor dimension.
Fifty-three horses, all but two of them over years age and varying in type, sex liveweight (230 to 707 kg) were weighed seven different body measurements recorded duplicate by a single operator. The best overall prediction using an equation with variables was found be: (kg) = (umbilical girth [cm])1.78 X (length from tuber ischii elbow [cm]0.97/3011). This had adjusted R2 value 94.9 per cent derived the pooled data, because differences sex, type weight did not significantly affect...
We consider the means to damp wakefield left behind ultrarelativistic charges. In particular, we focus on a pair of traveling wave accelerators operating at an $X$-band frequency 11.424 GHz. order maximize efficiency acceleration, in context linear collider, multiple bunches charged particles are accelerated within given pulse electromagnetic field. The successive bunches, if unchecked, can seriously disturb progress trailing and lead appreciable dilution emittance beam. report method...
The beam-plasma instability in a strong magnetic field, (ωce≳ωpe), has been studied experimentally. Although the electron plasma waves have positive group velocity, oscillating instabilities are observed when reflections become important. amplifying (convective) which grow space and saturate due to beam trapping. After saturation, spectrum broadens spread increases nonlinear generation of sidebands. When reflective feedback is sufficiently strong, an appears. It large amplitude near gun,...