The neurotrophin family includes NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of NGF its low-affinity receptor is induced in nonneuronal cells the distal segment transected sciatic nerve suggesting a role for during axonal regeneration (Johnson, E. M., M. Taniuchi, P. S. DeStefano. 1988. Trends Neurosci. 11:299-304). To assess other neurotrophins members Trk signaling receptors, we here...

Using in situ hybridization, we studied nitric oxide (NO) synthase (EC 1.14.23.-) mRNA lumbar dorsal root ganglia after peripheral transection of the sciatic nerve rats. The effect NO inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on nociceptive flexor reflex was also axotomized Nerve section induced a dramatic increase number mRNA-positive cells ipsilateral ganglia. In some these peptides galanin and/or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuropeptide Y were strongly up-regulated....

In situ hybridization on sections from the adult rat peripheral and central nervous systems demonstrated that trkB mRNA was expressed not only by neurons but also cells in system white matter as well Schwann sciatic nerve. with an oligonucleotide complementary to tyrosine kinase domain could demonstrate neurons, indicating expression of truncated receptors lacking glial cells. RNA blot analysis performed separately cultured study which cell types express mRNA. Several transcripts encoding...

In the current study we examined effects of training in adult rats with a cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). One group received 6 weeks single pellet reaching task immediately after injury, while second did not receive training. Following this period changes cortical levels BDNF and GAP-43 were analysed trained untrained animals but no injury. another rats, functional recovery was when walking on horizontal ladder. Thereupon, forelimb area electrophysiologically using micro-stimulation...

Abstract With the immunofluorescence technique, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐like immunoreactivity (LI) was found in a few medium‐sized and small sensory neurons lumbar (L) 4 L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of normal rat, most these neurons, NOS‐LI coexisted with calcitonin gene‐related peptide sometimes substance P galanin. NOS‐immunoreactive nerve fibers, terminals were also located horn segments 5 rat spinal cord highest density inner lamina II. Many NOS‐positive fibers seen area around...

Expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors was examined with in situ hybridization immunohistochemical techniques 10 days to 6 weeks after ventral or dorsal funiculus spinal cord lesions adult rats cats, that have previously been shown allow axon regrowth. Strongly elevated levels trkB mRNA were seen the scar tissue formed white matter both types lesions. Only small increases detected for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic 3, 4, trk, trkC response injuries....

Regeneration of peripheral nerves is remarkably restrained across transection injuries, limiting recovery function. Strategies to reverse this common and unfortunate outcome are limited. Remarkably, however, new evidence suggests that a brief extracellular electrical stimulation (ES), delivered at the time injury, improves regrowth motor sensory axons.In work, authors explored tested ES paradigm, which was applied proximal transected sciatic in mice, identified several novel compelling...

The peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) has been suggested to be involved in nociception, but its exact localization at the level of spinal cord and ganglia a controversial issue. Therefore distribution messenger RNA (mRNA) for CCK was studied by situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes on sections adult rat lumbar dorsal root following unilateral section sciatic nerve untreated monkey trigeminal ganglia, from all levels. For comparison, calcitonin gene-related (CGRP) mRNA also tissue same...

Abstract Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we studied changes expression of some neuropeptides large medium‐sized neurons lumbar 4 5 rat dorsal root ganglia projecting to the gracile nucleus, response peripheral axotomy. Fourteen days after unilateral sciatic nerve transection, many ipsilateral were strongly neuropeptide Y‐positive. Galanin‐, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)‐ peptide histidine‐isoleucine (PHI)‐like immunoreactivities coexisted with Y‐like...

Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) negatively modulates nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor expression and associated nociceptive phenotype in intact neurons, suggesting a beneficial role treating aspects of neuropathic pain mediated by NGF. We report that NT-3 is effective at suppressing thermal hyperalgesia with chronic constriction injury (CCI); however, does not alter the mechanical hypersensitivity also develops CCI. Thermal critically linked to activation capsaicin receptor, transient potential...

Significance Peripheral nerve injury often occurs at axonal sites remote from the neuronal cell bodies. Information about these injuries must be accurately relayed back to body as part of reprogramming that transition neuron a regenerating state. We provide new insights into how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proximal site generates critical regeneration signal in sensory neurons. This involves injury-triggered activation and synthesis an intraaxonal, ER transmembrane transcription factor,...

We recently revealed that the axon endoplasmic reticulum resident transcription factor Luman/CREB3 (herein called Luman) serves as a unique retrograde injury signal in regulation of intrinsic elongating form sensory regeneration. Here, evidence supports Luman contributes to axonal regeneration through unfolded protein response (UPR) and cholesterol biosynthesis adult rat neurons. One day sciatic nerve crush triggered robust increase UPR-associated mRNA expression both neuronal cell bodies...

Demyelinating peripheral nerves are infiltrated by cells of the monocyte lineage, including macrophages, which highly plastic, existing on a continuum from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-repair M2 phenotypic states. Whether one can therapeutically manipulate demyelinated promote phenotype remains be elucidated. We previously identified brief electrical nerve stimulation (ES) as beneficial for remyelination, benefits include accelerated clearance making us theorize that ES alters local immune...