A microbial community originating from brewery waste produced methane, acetate, and hydrogen when selected on a granular graphite cathode poised at -590 mV versus the standard electrode (SHE) with CO(2) as only carbon source. This is first report simultaneous electrosynthesis of these commodity chemicals description electroacetogenesis by community. Deep sequencing active 16S rRNA revealed dynamic composed an invariant Archaea population Methanobacterium spp. shifting Bacteria population....

Microbial electrosynthesis is the biocathode-driven production of chemicals from CO2 and has promise to be a sustainable, carbon-consuming technology. To date, microbial acetate, first step in order generate liquid fuels CO2, been characterized by low rates yields. improve performance, previously established acetogenic biocathode was operated semi-batch mode at poised potential -590 mV vs SHE for over 150 days beyond its initial development. Rates acetate reached maximum 17.25 mM day(-1)...

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron(III) reduction, termed Feammox, is a newly discovered nitrogen cycling process. However, little known about the roles of electron shuttles in Feammox reactions. In this study, two forms Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide ferrihydrite (ex situ and ferrihydrite) were used dissimilatory reduction (DIR) enrichments from paddy soil. Evidence for DIR was demonstrated using 15N-isotope tracing technique. The extent rate both 30N2–29N2 Fe(II) formation enhanced when...

Bacterial populations vary in their stress tolerance and population structure depending upon whether growth occurs well-mixed or structured environments. We hypothesized that evolution biofilms would generate greater genetic diversity than environments lead to different pathways of antibiotic resistance. used experimental whole genome sequencing test how the biofilm lifestyle influenced rate, mechanisms, pleiotropic effects resistance ciprofloxacin Acinetobacter baumannii populations. Both...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices capable of converting chemical energy to electrical using bacteria as the catalysts. Mechanisms microbial electron transfer solid electrode surfaces not well defined in most electrochemically-active microorganisms, particularly for Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we investigated electrochemical characteristics Gram-positive, thermophilic bacterium Thermincola ferriacetica strain Z-0001. This organism was transferring electrons...

Production of hydrogen and organic compounds by an electrosynthetic microbiome using electrodes carbon dioxide as sole electron donor source, respectively, was examined after exposure to acidic pH (∼5). Hydrogen production biocathodes poised at −600 mV vs. SHE increased>100-fold acetate ceased pH, but ∼5–15 mM (catholyte volume)/day and>1,000 mM/day were attained ∼6.5 following repeated pH. Cyclic voltammetry revealed a 250 decrease in overpotential maximum current density 12.2 mA/cm2 −765...

Transition of populations from rural to urban living causes landscape changes and alters the functionality soil ecosystems. It is unclear how this urbanization disturbs microbial ecology soils disruption influences nitrogen cycling. In study, communities in turfgrass-grown suburban areas around Xiamen City were compared farmlands. The potential N2O emissions, denitrification activity, abundances denitrifiers higher farmland with turfgrass soils. Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) more abundant...

Abstract Microbial electrosynthesis is a renewable energy and chemical production platform that relies on microbial cells to capture electrons from cathode fix carbon. Yet despite the promise of this technology, metabolic capacity microbes inhabit electrode surface catalyze electron transfer in these systems remains largely unknown. We assembled thirteen draft genomes system producing primarily acetate carbon dioxide, their transcriptional activity was mapped supernatant. This allowed us...

The "Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum" group includes different clades of cyanobacteria with high 16S rRNA sequence identity (~99%) and is the most abundant widespread cyanobacterial symbiont marine sponges. first draft genome a "Ca. member was recently published, providing evidence reduction by loss genes involved in several nonessential functions. However, variety that may differ widely genomic repertoire consequently physiology symbiotic function. Here, we present three additional...

Different species exposed to a common stress may adapt by mutations in shared pathways or unique systems, depending on how past environments have molded their genomes. Understanding diverse bacterial pathogens evolve response an antimicrobial treatment is pressing example of this problem, where discovery molecular parallelism could lead clinically useful predictions. Evolution experiments with containing antibiotics, combined periodic whole-population genome sequencing, can be used identify...

Evolution experiments have demonstrated high levels of genetic parallelism between populations evolving in identical environments. However, natural evolve complex environments that can vary many ways, likely sharing some characteristics but not others. Here, we ask whether shared selection pressures drive parallel evolution across distinct We addressed this question experimentally evolved founded from a clone the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia. These for 90 days (approximately 600...

Today, more than 90% of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are eligible for the highly effective transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy called elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) and its use is widespread. Given drastic respiratory symptom improvement experienced by many post-ETI, clinical studies already underway to reduce number therapies, including antibiotic regimens, that pwCF historically relied on combat lung disease progression. Early suggest bacterial burden...

Individuals with diabetes mellitus frequently develop severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. We examined how affects the emergence of resistance in a Staphylococcus aureus SSTI. determined S. evolves rapidly diabetic mice, while did not occur nondiabetic mice over course infection. Diabetes-associated immune cell dysfunction plays minor role resistance, hyperglycemia dominant facilitating expansion takeover resistant mutants infections....

A combined approach involving microbial bioaugmentation and enhanced sorption was demonstrated to be effective for in situ treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). pilot study conducted 409 days on PCB impacted sediments four 400 m2 plots located a watershed drainage pond Quantico, VA. Treatments with activated carbon (AC) agglomerate bioamended dechlorinating oxidizing bacteria decreased the concentration top 7.5 cm by up 52% aqueous concentrations tri- nonachlorobiphenyl congeners as...

Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly refractory to antibiotic treatment in healthcare settings. As true of most human pathogens, the genetic path antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and role that immune system plays modulating AMR during disease are poorly understood. Here we reproduced several routes fluoroquinolone resistance, performing evolution experiments using sequential lung infections mice replete with or depleted neutrophils, providing two key insights into drug resistance....

Preface Introduction 1. The experience of Roman comedy 2. Actors and roles 3. Masks 4. Stage action 5. Music metre 6. Improvisation Appendix conspectus metrorum Plautinorum References Indexes.

Opportunistic pathogens establishing new infections experience strong selection to adapt, often favoring mutants that persist. Capturing this initial dynamic is critical for identifying the first adaptations drive pathogenesis. Here we used a porcine full-thickness burn wound model of chronic infection study evolutionary dynamics diverse

History, chance, and selection are the fundamental factors that drive constrain evolution. We designed evolution experiments to disentangle quantify effects of these forces on antibiotic resistance. Previously, we showed pathogen