Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most well-known primary liver malignancy worldwide. Its incidence rising at alarming rates and has become a public concern globally. It more frequent in developing countries than industrialized with respect to geographical variation, ethnic disparities socioeconomic status. Dietary exposure aflatoxins among major HCC risk factors. Aflatoxin B1, which genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, presumptively causes cancer by inducing DNA adducts leading genetic changes...

Background The TIFY gene family constitutes a plant-specific group of genes with broad range functions. This encodes four subfamilies proteins, including ZML, TIFY, PPD and JASMONATE ZIM-Domain (JAZ) proteins. JAZ proteins are targets the SCFCOI1 complex, function as negative regulators in JA signaling pathway. Recently, it has been reported both Arabidopsis rice that genes, especially may be involved plant defense against insect feeding, wounding, pathogens abiotic stresses. Nonetheless,...

The necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is responsible for substantial global crop losses annually resulting in localized food insecurity and loss of livelihood. Understanding the basis this broad-host-range aggressive pathogenicity hampered by quantitative nature both host resistance virulence. To improve understanding, methods efficient functional gene characterization that build upon existing complete S. genome sequence are needed. Here, we report on development a...

Background The completion of the grape genome sequencing project has paved way for novel gene discovery and functional analysis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprise a superfamily encoding NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that catalyze irreversible oxidation wide range endogenous exogenous aromatic aliphatic aldehydes. Although ALDHs have been systematically investigated in several plant species including Arabidopsis rice, our knowledge concerning ALDH genes, their evolutionary relationship...

Plant zinc finger-homeodomain (ZHD) genes encode a family of transcription factors that have been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation plant growth and development. In this study, we identified total 13 ZHD (VvZHD) grape genome were further classified into at least seven groups. Genome synteny analysis revealed number VvZHD present corresponding syntenic blocks Arabidopsis, indicating they arose before divergence these two species. Gene expression showed displayed...

Approximately 10 Streptomyces species cause disease on underground plant structures. The most economically important of these is potato scab, and the studied pathogens scabiei (syn. S. scabies). main pathogenicity determinant scab-causing a nitrated diketopiperazine, known as thaxtomin A (ThxA). In pathogenic turgidiscabies, ThxA biosynthetic genes reside mobile island (PAI). However, mobilization PAIs in other remains uncharacterized. Here, we investigated PAI 87-22. Based whole genome...

ABSTRACT Thaxtomins are virulence factors of most plant-pathogenic Streptomyces strains. Due to their potent herbicidal activity, attractive environmental compatibility, and inherent biodegradability, thaxtomins key active ingredients bioherbicides approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, low yield in native producers limits wide agricultural applications. Here, we describe high-yield production a heterologous host. The thaxtomin gene cluster from S. scabiei 87.22 was...

The main pathogenicity factor of Streptomyces species associated with the potato common scab disease is a nitrated diketopiperazine called thaxtomin A (ThxA). In scabiei (syn. S. scabies), which thought to be most ancient pathogenic species, ThxA biosynthetic cluster located within mobile genomic island toxicogenic region (TR). Three attachment (att) sites further separate TR into two subregions (TR1 and TR2). TR1 contains conserved among several species. However, TR2, an integrative...

Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome (PBTS) is a recently emerged disease that has strongly impacted the pistachio industry in California, Arizona, and New Mexico. The caused by two bacteria, designated PBTS1 related to Rhodococcus corynebacterioides PBTS2 belongs species R. fascians. Here, we assessed pathogenic character of causative agents examined their chromosomal sequences predict presence particular functions might contribute observed co-occurrence effect on plant hosts. In diverse assays,...

Dickeya sp. strain PA1 is the causal agent of bacterial soft rot in Phalaenopsis, an important indoor orchid China. and a few other strains were grouped into novel species, fangzhongdai, only orchid-associated have been shown to cause symptoms. We constructed complete genome sequence used comparative genomics explore differences genomic features between D. fangzhongdai species. has 4,979,223-bp circular with 4269 predicted protein-coding genes. was phylogenetically similar solani dadantii....

With few exceptions, thaxtomin A (ThxA), a nitrated diketopiperazine, is the pathogenicity determinant for plant-pathogenic Streptomyces species. In scabiei (syn. S. scabies), ThxA biosynthetic cluster located within 177-kb mobile island (PAI), called toxicogenic region (TR). turgidiscabies, 674-kb (PAIst). The emergence of new plant pathogens occurs in this genus, but not frequently. This raises question whether mobilization these regions, through mating, widespread and TR PAIst can confer...

ABSTRACT Rhodococcus fascians , a phytopathogen that alters plant development, inflicts significant losses in production around the world. We report here complete genome sequence of R. D188, well-characterized model isolate, and species PBTS (pistachio bushy top syndrome) 1 2, which were shown to be responsible for disease outbreak pistachios.

Abstract Background Laurel wilt caused by Raffaelea lauricola is a lethal vascular disease of North American members the Lauraceae plant family. This fungus and its primary ambrosia beetle vector Xyleborus glabratus originated from Asia; however, there no report laurel causing widespread mortality on native trees in Asia. To gain insight into why R. tree-killing pathogen America, we generated compared high quality draft genome assemblies closely related non-pathogenic species aguacate....

Abstract Mummy berry disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (Mvc), is one of most economically important diseases blueberries in North America. Mvc capable inducing two separate blighting stages during its life cycle. Infected fruits are rendered mummified and unmarketable. Genomic data for this lacking, but could be useful understanding reproductive biology mechanisms it deploys to facilitate host infection. In study, PacBio sequencing Hi-C interaction were...

Abstract In the present study, karyotypes of 34 populations belonging to 11 species and one variety Heracleum from Hengduan Mountains in China were examined. Chromosome numbers three ( H. souliei , kingdoni wenchuanense ) are reported for first time, as moellendorffii henryi (tetraploid). Populations candicans franchetii found consist a mixture diploid tetraploid plants. Except four namely which have both karyotypes, all other be diploid. All belong 2A type Stebbins, with exception var....

Abstract Little is known about the epidemiology of newly emerged disease on pistachio rootstock designated bushy top syndrome (PBTS). Here, we analysed survival and colonization capacities two causative agents, Rhodococcus corynebacterioides ‐like PBTS1 R . fascians PBTS2, in different habitats they occupy. Additionally, examined their chromosomal sequences for genes that would support ecology provide experimental evidence some predicted functions. We demonstrate soil competence PBTS2 better...