A5043109160- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
- Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Photonic and Optical Devices
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
Northwestern University
2012-2024
Institute for Basic Science
2023
University of Nevada, Reno
2013-2022
Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)
2020
National Institute of Standards and Technology
2009-2011
National Institute of Standards
2009
Stanford University
2000-2008
Argonne National Laboratory
2002-2003
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
2000
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
2000
Understanding gravity in the framework of quantum mechanics is one great challenges modern physics. However, lack empirical evidence has lead to a debate on whether entity. Despite varied proposed probes for gravity, it fair say that there are no feasible ideas yet test its coherent behavior directly laboratory experiment. Here, we introduce an idea such based principle two objects cannot be entangled without mediator. We show despite weakness phase evolution induced by gravitational...
Optically trapped nanospheres in high-vaccum experience little friction and hence are promising for ultra-sensitive force detection. Here we demonstrate measurement times exceeding $10^5$ seconds zeptonewton sensitivity with laser-cooled silica an optical lattice. The achieved exceeds that of conventional room-temperature solid-state sensors, enables a variety applications including electric field sensing, inertial gravimetry. potential allows the particle to be confined number possible...
We propose an experiment using optically trapped and cooled dielectric micro-spheres for the detection of short-range forces. The center-of-mass motion a microsphere in vacuum can experience extremely low dissipation quality factors 10(12), leading to yoctonewton force sensitivity. Trapping sphere optical field enables positioning at less than 1 μm from surface, regime where exotic new forces may exist. expect that proposed system could advance search non-Newtonian gravity via enhanced...
We propose a tunable resonant sensor to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range of 50-300 kHz using optically trapped and cooled dielectric microspheres or micro-discs. The technique we describe can exceed sensitivity laser-based wave observatories this range, an instrument only few percent their size. Such device extends search volume for sources above 100 by 1 3 orders magnitude, could monochromatic radiation from annihilation QCD axions cloud they form around stellar mass black...
Abstract The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines challenges gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering MHz GHz range. absence known astrophysical sources this frequency range provides unique opportunity discover physics beyond Standard Model...
We describe a method based on precision magnetometry that can extend the search for axion-mediated spin-dependent forces by several orders of magnitude. By combining techniques used in nuclear magnetic resonance and short-distance tests gravity, our approach substantially improve upon current experimental limits set astrophysics, probe deep into theoretically interesting regime Peccei-Quinn (PQ) axion. Our is sensitive to PQ axion decay constants between 10(9) 10(12) GeV or masses 10(-6)...
The levitated sensor detector (LSD) is a compact resonant gravitational-wave (GW) based on optically trapped dielectric particles that under construction. LSD sensitivity has more favorable frequency scaling at high frequencies compared to laser interferometer detectors such as LIGO and VIRGO. We propose method substantially improve the by levitating multilayered stack of discs. These stacks allow use massive object while exhibiting minimal photon recoil heating due light scattering. Over an...
We have searched for large deviations from Newtonian gravity by means of a finite-frequency microcantilever-based experiment. Our data eliminate consideration mechanisms deviation that posit strengths approximately 10(4) times at length scales 20 microm. This measurement is 3 orders magnitude more sensitive than others provide constraints similar scales.
Several recent theories suggest that light moduli or particles in ``large'' extra dimensions could mediate macroscopic forces exceeding gravitational strength at length scales below a millimeter. Such new can be parameterized as Yukawa-type correction to the Newtonian potential of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ relative gravity and range $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. To extend search for such physics we have improved our apparatus utilizing cryogenic micro-cantilevers capable measuring attonewton forces,...
We describe the implementation of laser-cooled silica microspheres as force sensors in a dual-beam optical dipole trap high vacuum. Using this system we have demonstrated lifetimes exceeding several days, attonewton detection capability, and wide tunability trapping cooling parameters. Measurements been performed with charged neutral beads to calibrate sensitivity detector. This work establishes suitability traps for precision measurement vacuum long averaging times, enables future...
Abstract We describe a variety of searches for new physics beyond the standard model particle which may be enabled in coming years by use optically levitated masses high vacuum. Such systems are expected to reach force and acceleration sensitivities approaching (and possibly eventually exceeding) quantum limit over next decade. For forces or phenomena that couple mass, precision sensing using objects with fg–ng range have significant discovery potential physics. applications include tests...
Numerous astrophysical and cosmological observations are best explained by the existence of dark matter, a mass density which interacts only very weakly with visible, baryonic matter. Searching for extremely weak signals produced this matter strongly motivate development new, ultra-sensitive detector technologies. Paradigmatic advances in control readout massive mechanical systems, both classical quantum regimes, have enabled unprecedented levels sensitivity. In white paper, we outline...
We review recent works on optomechanics of optically trapped microspheres and nanoparticles in vacuum, which provide an ideal system for studying macroscopic quantum mechanics ultrasensitive force detection. An particle vacuum has ultrahigh mechanical quality factor as it is well-isolated from the thermal environment. Its oscillation frequency can be tuned real time by changing power trapping laser. Furthermore, may rotate freely, a unique property that does not exist clamped oscillators. In...
Abstract We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning status of cold atom technologies, prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment space, developments needed before atoms could be operated space. The technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters accelerometers, interferometers. Prospective applications metrology, geodesy measurement terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change,...
The applications of spin-based quantum sensors to measurements probing fundamental physics are surveyed. Experimental methods and technologies developed for information science have rapidly advanced in recent years these tools enable increasingly precise control measurement spin dynamics. Theories beyond-the-standard-model predict, example, discrete-symmetry-violating electromagnetic moments correlated with particle spins, exotic spin-dependent forces, coupling spins ultralight bosonic...
Recent theories of physics beyond the standard model have predicted deviations from Newtonian gravity at short distances. In order to test these theories, we a built an apparatus that can measure attonewton-scale forces between gold masses separated by distances on $25\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. A micromachined silicon cantilever was used as force sensor, and its displacement measured with fiber interferometer. We our measurements set bounds magnitude $\ensuremath{\alpha}$...
We propose a technique, using interferometry of Bose-Einstein condensed alkali atoms, for the detection sub-micron-range forces. It may extend present searches at 1 micron by 6 to 9 orders magnitude, deep into theoretically interesting regime 1000 times gravity. give several examples both four-dimensional particles (moduli), as well higher-dimensional -- vectors and scalars in large bulk-- that could mediate forces accessible this technique.
We discuss the use of atom interferometry as a tool to search for Dark Matter (DM) composed ultra-light scalar fields. Previous work on DM detection using accelerometers has considered possibility equivalence principle violating effects whereby gradients in dark matter field can directly produce relative accelerations between media differing composition. In interferometers, we find that time-varying phase signals from oscillatory, or dilaton-like, also arise due changes rest mass occur...
We discuss the use of optical cavities as tools to search for dark matter (DM) composed virialized ultralight fields (VULFs). Such could lead oscillating fundamental constants, resulting in oscillations length rigid bodies. propose searching these effects via differential strain measurement and suspended-mirror cavities. estimate that more than 2 orders magnitude unexplored phase space VULF DM couplings can be probed at Compton frequencies audible range 0.1--10 kHz.
The quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol for testing gravity using witnessing utilizes the creation spatial superpositions two neutral, massive matter-wave interferometers kept adjacent to each other, separated by a distance <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mi>d</a:mi></a:math>. mass and superposition should be such that systems can entangle solely via nature gravity. Despite being charge-neutral, many electromagnetic backgrounds also as...
We present experimental results on optical trapping of Yb-doped β-NaYF subwavelength-thickness high-aspect-ratio hexagonal prisms with a micron-scale radius. The are trapped in vacuum using an standing wave, the normal vector to their face oriented along beam propagation direction, yielding much higher frequencies than those typically achieved microspheres similar mass. This platelike geometry simultaneously enables low photon-recoil-heating, high mass, and trap frequency, potentially...
To test the quantum nature of gravity in a laboratory requires witnessing entanglement between two masses (nanocrystals) solely due to gravitational interaction kept at distance spatial superposition. The protocol is known as quantum-gravity-induced (QGEM). One main backgrounds QGEM experiment electromagnetic (EM) -induced and decoherence. EM interactions can entangle neutral via dipole-dipole vacuum-induced interactions, such Casimir-Polder interaction. mitigate EM-induced nanocrystals, we...