A5056378921- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Computational Physics and Python Applications
- Quantum and electron transport phenomena
- Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
- Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry
- Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Photonic and Optical Devices
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
California State University, East Bay
2015-2024
California State University System
2013-2024
University of California, Berkeley
1999-2023
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2017-2023
Boston University
2023
Helmholtz Institute Mainz
2017-2023
GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
2023
ORCID
2021
Joint Quantum Institute
2018
National Institute of Standards and Technology
2018
Advances in atomic physics, such as cooling and trapping of atoms molecules developments frequency metrology, have added orders magnitude to the precision atom-based clocks sensors. Applications extend beyond physics this article reviews using these new techniques address important challenges look for variations fundamental constants, search interactions standard model particle test principles general relativity.
The authors review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. They begin by describing pioneering work Macaluso Corbino over a century ago on linear (in which properties medium do not depend light power) vicinity resonances. These are then contrasted with various phenomena that have been studied both theoretically experimentally since late 1960s. In recent years, field magneto-optics has...
The dynamics of resonant light propagation in rubidium vapor a cell with antirelaxation wall coating are investigated. We change the polarization input and measure time dependence after cell. observed shown to be analogous those electromagnetically induced transparency. Spectral pulse delays is found similar that nonlinear magneto-optic rotation. Delays up $\ensuremath{\approx}13\mathrm{ms}$ observed, corresponding $8\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ group velocity. Fields few microgauss used control
Numerous theories extending beyond the standard model of particle physics predict existence bosons that could constitute dark matter (DM) permeating universe. In halo (SHM) galactic velocity distribution bosonic DM field defines a characteristic coherence time $\tau_c$. Until recently, laboratory experiments searching for fields have been in regime where measurement $T$ significantly exceeds $\tau_c$, so null results interpreted as constraints on coupling to particles with amplitude $\Phi_0$...
Application of nonlinear magneto-optical (Faraday) rotation to magnetometry is investigated. Our experimental setup consists a modulation polarimeter that measures the polarization plane laser beam resonant with transitions in Rb. Rb vapor contained an evacuated cell antirelaxation coating enables atomic ground-state survive many thousand wall collisions. This leads ultranarrow features $(\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6} \mathrm{G})$ magnetic-field dependence optical rotation. The...
Stable topological defects of light (pseudo)scalar fields can contribute to the Universe's dark energy and matter. Currently, combination gravitational cosmological constraints provides best limits on such a possibility. We take an example domain walls generated by axionlike field with coupling spins standard-model particles show that, if galactic environment contains network walls, terrestrial experiments aimed at detection wall-crossing events are realistic. In particular, geographically...
We report the results of a search for axionlike dark matter using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. This is part multi-faceted Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr) program. In order to distinguish from fields, we employ comagnetometry scheme measuring ultralow-field NMR signals involving two different nuclei ($^{13}$C and $^{1}$H) in liquid-state sample acetonitrile-2-$^{13}$C ($^{13}$CH$_{3}$CN). No signal was detected above background. result constrains parameter...
The nature of dark matter, the invisible substance making up over 80% matter in universe, is one most fundamental mysteries modern physics. Ultralight bosons such as axions, axion-like particles, or photons could make matter. Couplings between and nuclear spins may enable their direct detection via magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: As move through galactic dark-matter halo, they couple to behave if were an oscillating field, generating a dark-matter-driven NMR signal. part cosmic axion...
A novel experimental scheme enabling the investigation of transient exotic spin couplings is discussed. The based on synchronous measurements optical‐magnetometer signals from several devices operating in magnetically shielded environments distant locations (≳ 100 km). Although signatures such may be present signal a single magnetometer, it would challenging to distinguish them noise. By analyzing correlation between multiple, geographically separated magnetometers, not only possible...
We report the results of an experimental search for ultralight axion-like dark matter in mass range 162 neV to 166 neV. The detection scheme our Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr) is based on a precision measurement $^{207}$Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance polarized ferroelectric crystal. Axion-like can exert oscillating torque spins via electric-dipole moment coupling $g_d$, or gradient $g_{\text{aNN}}$. calibrated detector and characterized excitation spectrum...
Abstract Ultralight bosons such as axion-like particles are viable candidates for dark matter. They can form stable, macroscopic field configurations in the of topological defects that could concentrate matter density into many distinct, compact spatial regions small compared with Galaxy but much larger than Earth. Here we report results search transient signals from domain walls by using global network optical magnetometers exotic (GNOME) physics searches. We data, consisting correlated...
The applications of spin-based quantum sensors to measurements probing fundamental physics are surveyed. Experimental methods and technologies developed for information science have rapidly advanced in recent years these tools enable increasingly precise control measurement spin dynamics. Theories beyond-the-standard-model predict, example, discrete-symmetry-violating electromagnetic moments correlated with particle spins, exotic spin-dependent forces, coupling spins ultralight bosonic...
Observation of nonthermal, light-induced desorption Cs and Rb atoms from paraffin coating is reported. Buffer-gas-free paraffin-coated cells containing were exposed to laser light various intensities frequencies, the change vapor densities as a function time was investigated. Because atomic polarization relaxes very slowly in (spin-relaxation times can be $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1\mathrm{s}),$ they are applied variety precision measurements (e.g., magnetometry, discrete symmetry tests, etc.)....
We consider the limitations due to noise (e.g., quantum projection and photon shot-noise) on sensitivity of an idealized atomic magnetometer that utilizes spin squeezing induced by a continuous nondemolition measurement. Such measures precession N spins detecting optical rotation far-detuned light. show for very short measurement times, optimal scales as N(-3/4); if strongly squeezed probe light is used, Heisenberg limit N-1 scaling can be achieved. However, time exceeds tau(rel)/N(1/2) in...
The relaxation of atomic polarization in buffer-gas-free, paraffin-coated cesium vapor cells is studied using a variation on Franzen's technique ``relaxation the dark'' [Franzen, Phys. Rev. 115 850 (1959)]. In present experiment, narrow-band, circularly polarized pump light, resonant with Cs D2 transition, orients atoms along longitudinal magnetic field, and time-dependent optical rotation linearly probe light measured to determine rates orientation particular hyperfine level. change during...
Using laser optical pumping, widths and frequency shifts are determined for microwave transitions between ground-state hyperfine components of $^{85}$Rb $^{87}$Rb atoms contained in vapor cells with alkane anti-relaxation coatings. The results compared data on Zeeman relaxation obtained nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) experiments, a comparison important quantitative understanding spin-relaxation mechanisms coated cells. By comparing manufactured over forty-year period we...
Recent work investigating resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) related to long-lived ($τ\ts{rel} \sim 1 {\rm s}$) ground-state atomic coherences has demonstrated potential magnetometric sensitivities exceeding $10^{-11} G/\sqrt{Hz}}$ for small ($\lesssim μG}$) magnetic fields. In the present work, NMOR using frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) is studied in regime where longitudinal field geophysical range ($\sim 500 mG}$), of particular interest many applications. this a...
A ferromagnetic needle is predicted to precess about the magnetic field axis at a Larmor frequency $\Omega$ under conditions where its intrinsic spin dominates over rotational angular momentum, $N\hbar \gg I\Omega$ ($I$ moment of inertia precession and $N$ number polarized spins in needle). In this regime behaves as gyroscope with $N\hbar$ maintained along easy by crystalline shape anisotropy. precessing correlated system which can be used measure fields for long times. principle, taking...
The last decade has seen unprecedented effort in dark matter model building at all mass scales coupled with the design of numerous new detection strategies. Transformative advances quantum technologies have led to a plethora high-precision sensors and strategies for ultralight ($<10\,$eV) bosonic that can be described by an oscillating classical, largely coherent field. This white paper focuses on searches wavelike scalar vector candidates.
A magnetometric technique is demonstrated that may be suitable for precision measurements of fields ranging from the submicrogauss level to above earth field. It based on resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation caused by atoms contained in a vapor cell with antirelaxation wall coating. Linearly polarized, frequency-modulated laser light used optical pumping and probing. If time-dependent measured at first harmonic modulation frequency, ultra-narrow (\ensuremath{\sim} few hertz)...
Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation is investigated at high light powers where the significantly modified by ac Stark shifts. These shifts are shown to change overall sign of for closed F-->F+1 transitions compared low power limit. The effect demonstrated measurements in rubidium and density matrix calculations. results important applications nonlinear optical such as sensitive magnetometry.
Agreement between theoretical calculations of atomic structure and spectroscopic measurements is used to constrain possible contribution exotic spin-dependent interactions electrons the energy differences states in helium-4. In particular, constraints on dipole-dipole associated with exchange pseudoscalar bosons (such as axions or axion-like particles) masses ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}m\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{4}\mathrm{eV}$ are improved by a factor...
A comparison between existing nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and calculations of the scalar spin-spin interaction (J coupling) in deuterated molecular hydrogen yields stringent constraints on anomalous spin-dependent potentials nucleons at atomic scale (∼ 1 Å). The dimensionless coupling constant g(P)(p)g(P)(N)/4 π associated with exchange pseudoscalar (axionlike) bosons is constrained to be less than 3.6 × 10(-7) for boson masses range 5 keV, representing improvement by a factor...