The authors review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. They begin by describing pioneering work Macaluso Corbino over a century ago on linear (in which properties medium do not depend light power) vicinity resonances. These are then contrasted with various phenomena that have been studied both theoretically experimentally since late 1960s. In recent years, field magneto-optics has...

The dynamics of resonant light propagation in rubidium vapor a cell with antirelaxation wall coating are investigated. We change the polarization input and measure time dependence after cell. observed shown to be analogous those electromagnetically induced transparency. Spectral pulse delays is found similar that nonlinear magneto-optic rotation. Delays up $\ensuremath{\approx}13\mathrm{ms}$ observed, corresponding $8\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ group velocity. Fields few microgauss used control

Application of nonlinear magneto-optical (Faraday) rotation to magnetometry is investigated. Our experimental setup consists a modulation polarimeter that measures the polarization plane laser beam resonant with transitions in Rb. Rb vapor contained an evacuated cell antirelaxation coating enables atomic ground-state survive many thousand wall collisions. This leads ultranarrow features $(\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6} \mathrm{G})$ magnetic-field dependence optical rotation. The...

We report an approach for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging without superconducting magnets and cryogenics: optical atomic magnetometry. This technique possesses a high sensitivity independent strength static field, extending applicability to low fields eliminating artifacts associated with fields. By coupling remote-detection scheme, thereby improving filling factor sample, we obtained time-resolved flow images water temporal resolution 0.1 s spatial resolutions 1.6 mm...

We consider the limitations due to noise (e.g., quantum projection and photon shot-noise) on sensitivity of an idealized atomic magnetometer that utilizes spin squeezing induced by a continuous nondemolition measurement. Such measures precession N spins detecting optical rotation far-detuned light. show for very short measurement times, optimal scales as N(-3/4); if strongly squeezed probe light is used, Heisenberg limit N-1 scaling can be achieved. However, time exceeds tau(rel)/N(1/2) in...

The relaxation of atomic polarization in buffer-gas-free, paraffin-coated cesium vapor cells is studied using a variation on Franzen's technique ``relaxation the dark'' [Franzen, Phys. Rev. 115 850 (1959)]. In present experiment, narrow-band, circularly polarized pump light, resonant with Cs D2 transition, orients atoms along longitudinal magnetic field, and time-dependent optical rotation linearly probe light measured to determine rates orientation particular hyperfine level. change during...

Recent work investigating resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) related to long-lived ($τ\ts{rel} \sim 1 {\rm s}$) ground-state atomic coherences has demonstrated potential magnetometric sensitivities exceeding $10^{-11} G/\sqrt{Hz}}$ for small ($\lesssim μG}$) magnetic fields. In the present work, NMOR using frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) is studied in regime where longitudinal field geophysical range ($\sim 500 mG}$), of particular interest many applications. this a...

<i>Context. <i/>Sodium laser guide stars (LGS) are about to enter a new range of powers. Previous theoretical and numerical methods inadequate for accurate computations the return flux, hence design next-generation LGS systems.<i>Aims. <i/>We numerically optimize cw (continuous wave) format, in particular, light polarization spectrum.<i>Methods. <i/>Using Bloch equations, we simulate mesospheric sodium atoms, including Doppler broadening, saturation, collisional relaxation, Larmor...

Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation is investigated at high light powers where the significantly modified by ac Stark shifts. These shifts are shown to change overall sign of for closed F-->F+1 transitions compared low power limit. The effect demonstrated measurements in rubidium and density matrix calculations. results important applications nonlinear optical such as sensitive magnetometry.

The nonlinear Zeeman effect can induce splitting and asymmetries of magnetic-resonance lines in the geophysical magnetic-field range. This is a major source "heading error" for scalar atomic magnetometers. We demonstrate method to suppress heading error based on spin locking. In an all-optical synchronously pumped magnetometer with separate pump probe beams, we apply radio-frequency field which phase precessing magnetization. results collapse multicomponent asymmetric line ∼100 Hz width...

Accurate knowledge of the instrument transfer function (ITF) is vital for topography measurements using white‐light interferometry (WLI). To this end, we derive a complete set analytical expressions power spectral density (PSD) discretely-sampled binary pseudo‐random array (BPRA) as theoretical benchmark. We then determine ITF by comparing PSD with measured BPRA. For Zygo ZeGage™ Pro HR 50× objective, determined closely matches nominal modulation (MTF). Accordingly, integrate MTF into...

Accurate knowledge of the instrument transfer function (ITF) is vital for topography measurements using white‐light interferometry (WLI). To this end, we derive a complete set analytical expressions power spectral density (PSD) discretely-sampled binary pseudo‐random array (BPRA) as theoretical benchmark. We then determine ITF by comparing PSD with measured BPRA. For Zygo ZeGage™ Pro HR 50× objective, determined closely matches nominal modulation (MTF). Accordingly, integrate MTF into...

Accurate knowledge of the instrument transfer function (ITF) is vital for topography measurements using white‐light interferometry (WLI). To this end, we derive a complete set analytical expressions power spectral density (PSD) discretely-sampled binary pseudo‐random array (BPRA) as theoretical benchmark. We then determine ITF by comparing PSD with measured BPRA. For Zygo ZeGage™ Pro HR 50× objective, determined closely matches nominal modulation (MTF). Accordingly, integrate MTF into...

When linearly polarized light propagates through a medium in which elliptically would undergo self-rotation, squeezed vacuum can appear the orthogonal polarization. A simple relationship between self-rotation and degree of squeezing is developed. Taking into account absorption, we find optimum conditions for any that produce self-rotation. We then analytic expressions amount produced by an atomic vapor when near-resonant with transition various low-angular-momentum states. Finally, consider...

We report the use of an atomic magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency modulated light (FM NMOR) to detect nuclear magnetization xenon gas. The a spin-exchange-polarized sample ($1.7 $cm$^3$ at pressure $5 $bar, natural isotopic abundance, polarization 1%), prepared remotely detection apparatus, is measured sensor (which insensitive leading field 0.45 G applied sample; independent bias $140 \mu$G). An average magnetic $\sim 10 $nG induced by 10-cm diameter...

Nonlinear Zeeman (NLZ) shifts arising from magnetic-field mixing of the two hyperfine ground-states in alkali atoms lead to splitting magnetic-resonance lines. This is a major source sensitivity degradation and so-called "heading errors" alkali-vapor atomic magnetometers operating geophysical field range (B approx. 0.2-0.7 G). Here, it shown theoretically experimentally that NLZ can be effectively canceled by light caused laser appropriate intensity, polarization frequency, technique readily...

Atomic-vapor density change due to light induced atomic desorption (LIAD) is studied in paraffin-coated rubidium, cesium, sodium, and potassium cells. In the present experiment, low-intensity probe used obtain an absorption spectrum measure vapor density, while from argon-ion laser, array of emitting diodes, or discharge lamp for desorption. Potassium found exhibit significantly weaker LIAD paraffin compared Rb Cs, we were unable observe with sodium. A simple model applied describe observed...

Self-rotation (SR) of elliptically polarized light resonant with atoms in a collision-free vapor is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Results density matrix calculations are compared to measurements SR on the Rb $D1$ $D2$ lines. It noted that effects involving individual hyperfine transitions suppressed due Doppler broadening, so previously unrecognized arising from interaction multiple can become dominant.

A method of visualizing atomic polarization as a surface in three dimensions is described. The technique used to illustrate the evolution polarized atoms external electric and magnetic fields. This can aid understanding experiments involving polarization, such optical rotation measurements discrete symmetry violations systems.

Get PDF Email Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Mendeley BibSonomy Citation Copy Text Evgeniy B. Alexandrov, Marcis Auzinsh, Dmitry Budker, Derek F. Kimball, Simon M. Rochester, and Valeriy V. Yashchuk, "Dynamic effects in nonlinear magneto-optics of atoms molecules: review," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 7-20 (2005) Export BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain alert Save article

In this work, a sensitivity of the rate relaxation ground-state atomic coherences to magnetic-field inhomogeneities is studied. Such give rise many interesting phenomena in light-atom interactions, and their lifetimes are limiting factor for achieving better sensitivity, resolution, or contrast applications. For atoms contained vapor cell, some coherence-relaxation mechanisms related inhomogeneities. We present simple model describing due such buffer-gas-free antirelaxation-coated cell. A...

We describe a room-temperature alkali-metal atomic magnetometer for detection of small, high-frequency magnetic fields. The operates by detecting optical rotation due to the precession an aligned ground state in presence small oscillating field. resonance frequency can be adjusted any desired value tuning bias Based on experimentally measured signal-to-noise ratio, we demonstrate sensitivity $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{pG}∕\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ (rms)...

Magnetic resonance imaging in the Earth's magnetic field is achieved using a sensitive atomic magnetometer for detection. We demonstrate images with submillimeter resolution by recording flow of two water paths meeting at $T$-shaped mixer. The high homogeneity allows use weak gradient fields which circumvent concomitant-field effect. To distinguish input channels, we employed selective polarization, unique and noninvasive labeling method low-field imaging. Our technique imposes minimal...

Measurement of magnetic fields on the few 100-km length scale is significant for many geophysical applications including mapping crustal magnetism and ocean circulation measurements, yet available techniques such measurements are very expensive or limited accuracy. We propose a method remote detection using naturally occurring atomic sodium-rich layer in mesosphere existing high-power lasers developed laser guide star applications. The proposed offers dramatic reduction cost opens way to...