A5028943728- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
- Optical measurement and interference techniques
- Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Optical Systems and Laser Technology
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2016-2025
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
1996-2021
Uppsala University
2021
Advanced Light Source
2016-2021
RadiaBeam Technologies (United States)
2020
NOVA Scientific (United States)
2020
Russian Academy of Sciences
1996-2013
California State University, East Bay
2009
University of California, Berkeley
1998-2007
State Optical Institute named after SI Vavilov
2004
The authors review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. They begin by describing pioneering work Macaluso Corbino over a century ago on linear (in which properties medium do not depend light power) vicinity resonances. These are then contrasted with various phenomena that have been studied both theoretically experimentally since late 1960s. In recent years, field magneto-optics has...
The dynamics of resonant light propagation in rubidium vapor a cell with antirelaxation wall coating are investigated. We change the polarization input and measure time dependence after cell. observed shown to be analogous those electromagnetically induced transparency. Spectral pulse delays is found similar that nonlinear magneto-optic rotation. Delays up $\ensuremath{\approx}13\mathrm{ms}$ observed, corresponding $8\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ group velocity. Fields few microgauss used control
Application of nonlinear magneto-optical (Faraday) rotation to magnetometry is investigated. Our experimental setup consists a modulation polarimeter that measures the polarization plane laser beam resonant with transitions in Rb. Rb vapor contained an evacuated cell antirelaxation coating enables atomic ground-state survive many thousand wall collisions. This leads ultranarrow features $(\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6} \mathrm{G})$ magnetic-field dependence optical rotation. The...
Several dispersionlike features in the magnetic field dependence of nonlinear magneto-optic effect were observed an experiment performed on rubidium atoms contained a vapor cell with antirelaxation coating. The narrowest feature has effective resonance width $\ensuremath{\gamma}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}g\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Delta}{B}_{z}\ensuremath{\approx}2\ensuremath{\pi}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1.3\mathrm{Hz}$, where...
A new facility for microdiffraction strain measurements and microfluorescence mapping has been built on beamline 12.3.2 at the advanced light source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This benefits from hard x-radiation generated by a 6 T superconducting bending magnet (superbend). provides x-ray spectrum 5 to 22 keV flux within 1 μm spot ∼5×109 photons/s (0.1% bandwidth 8 keV). The radiation is relayed superbend focus in experimental hutch toroidal mirror. tailored two pairs...
We report an approach for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging without superconducting magnets and cryogenics: optical atomic magnetometry. This technique possesses a high sensitivity independent strength static field, extending applicability to low fields eliminating artifacts associated with fields. By coupling remote-detection scheme, thereby improving filling factor sample, we obtained time-resolved flow images water temporal resolution 0.1 s spatial resolutions 1.6 mm...
Atomic parity violation has been observed in the $6{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d6s\text{ }^{3}D_{1}$ 408-nm forbidden transition of ytterbium. The parity-violating amplitude is found to be 2 orders magnitude larger than cesium, where most precise experiments date have performed. This accordance with theoretical predictions and constitutes largest atomic yet observed. also opens way future measurements neutron distributions anapole moments by comparing amplitudes for...
Observation of nonthermal, light-induced desorption Cs and Rb atoms from paraffin coating is reported. Buffer-gas-free paraffin-coated cells containing were exposed to laser light various intensities frequencies, the change vapor densities as a function time was investigated. Because atomic polarization relaxes very slowly in (spin-relaxation times can be $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1\mathrm{s}),$ they are applied variety precision measurements (e.g., magnetometry, discrete symmetry tests, etc.)....
We consider the limitations due to noise (e.g., quantum projection and photon shot-noise) on sensitivity of an idealized atomic magnetometer that utilizes spin squeezing induced by a continuous nondemolition measurement. Such measures precession N spins detecting optical rotation far-detuned light. show for very short measurement times, optimal scales as N(-3/4); if strongly squeezed probe light is used, Heisenberg limit N-1 scaling can be achieved. However, time exceeds tau(rel)/N(1/2) in...
The relaxation of atomic polarization in buffer-gas-free, paraffin-coated cesium vapor cells is studied using a variation on Franzen's technique ``relaxation the dark'' [Franzen, Phys. Rev. 115 850 (1959)]. In present experiment, narrow-band, circularly polarized pump light, resonant with Cs D2 transition, orients atoms along longitudinal magnetic field, and time-dependent optical rotation linearly probe light measured to determine rates orientation particular hyperfine level. change during...
Using laser optical pumping, widths and frequency shifts are determined for microwave transitions between ground-state hyperfine components of $^{85}$Rb $^{87}$Rb atoms contained in vapor cells with alkane anti-relaxation coatings. The results compared data on Zeeman relaxation obtained nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) experiments, a comparison important quantitative understanding spin-relaxation mechanisms coated cells. By comparing manufactured over forty-year period we...
Recent work investigating resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) related to long-lived ($τ\ts{rel} \sim 1 {\rm s}$) ground-state atomic coherences has demonstrated potential magnetometric sensitivities exceeding $10^{-11} G/\sqrt{Hz}}$ for small ($\lesssim μG}$) magnetic fields. In the present work, NMOR using frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) is studied in regime where longitudinal field geophysical range ($\sim 500 mG}$), of particular interest many applications. this a...
Over the past decade, advances in grating-based soft X-ray spectrometers have revolutionized spectroscopies materials research. However, these novel are mostly dedicated designs, which cannot be easily adopted for applications with diverging demands. Here we present a versatile spectrometer design concept based on Hettrick-Underwood optical scheme that uses modular mechanical components. The spectrometer's optics chamber can used gratings operated either inside or outside orders, and...
A novel ultrahigh-resolution x-ray microscope achieves 8-nm spatial resolution and accurately maps chemistry in nanomaterials.
A magnetometric technique is demonstrated that may be suitable for precision measurements of fields ranging from the submicrogauss level to above earth field. It based on resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation caused by atoms contained in a vapor cell with antirelaxation wall coating. Linearly polarized, frequency-modulated laser light used optical pumping and probing. If time-dependent measured at first harmonic modulation frequency, ultra-narrow (\ensuremath{\sim} few hertz)...
The design of a diode laser frequency stabilization system using the Zeeman effect is described. Various regimes operation are analyzed Jones matrix approach. different from original Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics in that magnetic fields fully contained and thus it can be used proximity magnetically sensitive instruments.
Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation is investigated at high light powers where the significantly modified by ac Stark shifts. These shifts are shown to change overall sign of for closed F-->F+1 transitions compared low power limit. The effect demonstrated measurements in rubidium and density matrix calculations. results important applications nonlinear optical such as sensitive magnetometry.
Ultra-high spectral resolution in the EUV and soft x-ray energy ranges requires use of very high line density gratings with optimal design resulting a Blazed Multilayer Grating (BMG) structure. Here we demonstrate production near-atomically perfect Si blazed substrates an ultra-high groove (10,000 l/mm) together measured theoretical performance Al/Zr multilayer coating on grating. A 1st order absolute efficiency 13% 24.6% was achieved at incidence angles 11° 36° respectively. Cross-sectional...
Accurate knowledge of the instrument transfer function (ITF) is vital for topography measurements using white‐light interferometry (WLI). To this end, we derive a complete set analytical expressions power spectral density (PSD) discretely-sampled binary pseudo‐random array (BPRA) as theoretical benchmark. We then determine ITF by comparing PSD with measured BPRA. For Zygo ZeGage™ Pro HR 50× objective, determined closely matches nominal modulation (MTF). Accordingly, integrate MTF into...
Accurate knowledge of the instrument transfer function (ITF) is vital for topography measurements using white‐light interferometry (WLI). To this end, we derive a complete set analytical expressions power spectral density (PSD) discretely-sampled binary pseudo‐random array (BPRA) as theoretical benchmark. We then determine ITF by comparing PSD with measured BPRA. For Zygo ZeGage™ Pro HR 50× objective, determined closely matches nominal modulation (MTF). Accordingly, integrate MTF into...
Accurate knowledge of the instrument transfer function (ITF) is vital for topography measurements using white‐light interferometry (WLI). To this end, we derive a complete set analytical expressions power spectral density (PSD) discretely-sampled binary pseudo‐random array (BPRA) as theoretical benchmark. We then determine ITF by comparing PSD with measured BPRA. For Zygo ZeGage™ Pro HR 50× objective, determined closely matches nominal modulation (MTF). Accordingly, integrate MTF into...