Glioma is one of the primary malignant brain tumours in adults, with a poor prognosis. Pharmacological reagents targeting glioma are limited to achieve desired therapeutic effect due presence blood-brain barrier (BBB). Effectively crossing BBB and specifically tumour major challenge for treatments. Here, we demonstrate that well-defined small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) dual-targeting drug delivery cell-penetrating functions, modified by Angiopep-2 trans-activator transcription peptides,...

Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides acting as multifunctional effector molecules innate immunity, which firstly found in mammalians. Recently, several cathelicidins have also been from chickens and fishes. No other non-mammalian vertebrates reported.In this work, cathelicidin-like peptide named cathelicidin-BF has purified the snake venoms Bungarus fasciatus its cDNA sequence was cloned library, confirm presence cathelicidin reptiles. As cathelicidins, precursor...

It is generally agreed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to skin aging, disorders, and diseases. Skin possesses an extremely efficient antioxidant system. This activity conferred by two systems: enzymes small molecules can scavenge ROS donating electrons. No gene-encoded secreted scavengers have been reported. Amphibian a multifunctional organ acting in defense, respiration, water regulation, although it seems susceptible. skins are easily harmed biological or non-biological...

A novel peptide with a specific calcium-binding capacity was isolated from whey protein hydrolysates. The isolation procedures included diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). molecular mass of 237.99 Da identified by chromatography–electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC–ESI/MS), its amino acid sequence confirmed to be Gly-Tyr. Gly-Tyr reached 75.38 μg/mg, increasing 122%...

Abstract The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 ion channel is a polymodal nociceptor that responds to heat with exquisite sensitivity through an unknown mechanism. Here we report the identification of novel toxin, RhTx, from venom Chinese red-headed centipede potently activates produce excruciating pain. RhTx 27-amino-acid small peptide forms compact polarized molecule very rapid binding kinetics and high affinity for TRPV1. We show targets channel’s activation machinery cause powerful at body...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play pivotal roles in the innate defense of vertebrates. A novel AMP (cathelicidin-PY) has been identified from skin secretions frog Paa yunnanensis . Cathelicidin-PY an amino acid sequence RKCNFLCKLKEKLRTVITSHIDKVLRPQG. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis revealed that cathelicidin-PY adopts a tertiary structure with mostly positively charged surface containing helix (Thr15-Ser19). It possesses strong antimicrobial activity, low hemolytic...

The limited self-repair capacity of articular cartilage has motivated the development stem cell therapy based on artificial scaffolds that mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) tissue. In view specificity cartilage, desirable tissue adhesiveness and stable mechanical properties under cyclic loads are critical for scaffolds. Herein, we developed an injectable degradable organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel as a scaffold polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-cored polyphosphate polysaccharide....

Rabbits are one of the few mammalian species that appear to be resistant transmissible spongiform encephalopathies due structural characteristics rabbit prion protein (RaPrP(C)) itself. Here, we determined solution structures recombinant RaPrP(C)-(91-228) and its S173N variant detected backbone dynamics their structured C-terminal domains-(121-228). In contrast many other PrP(C)s, loop 165-172, which connects β-sheet-2 α-helix-2, is well-defined in RaPrP(C). For first time, order parameters...

The bioavailability of dietary ionised calcium is affected by intestinal basic environment. Calcium-binding peptides can form complexes with to improve its absorption and bioavailability. aim this study was focused on isolation characterisation a calcium-binding peptide from whey protein hydrolysates. Whey hydrolysed using Flavourzyme Protamex substrate enzyme ratio 25 : 1 (w/w) at 49 °C for 7 h. isolated DEAE anion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration reversed phase...

Proteins were extracted from perilla (Perilla frutescens L. Britton) seed by-products and hydrolyzed with an alkaline protease. Antioxidant peptides purified the hydrolysate by size-exclusion chromatography RP-HPLC. Two strong antioxidant activity identified as Tyr-Leu (YL) Phe-Tyr (FY) molecular mass of 294.33 Da 328.33 Da, respectively. Synthesized YL FY efficiently quenched free radicals (DPPH, ABTS hydroxyl radicals) showed high oxygen radical absorbance capacity. The two also inhibited...

The regeneration of myelin sheaths is the ultimate goal treatment demyelination disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current drugs for MS mainly target immune system and can only slow down disease development do not promote differentiation oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) abundant in injury region into mature oligodendrocytes to form a new sheath. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role regulation OPC proliferation oligodendrocytes. Exosomes,...

BackgroundLectins are sugar-binding proteins that specifically recognize sugar complexes. Based on the specificity of protein–sugar interactions, different lectins could be used as carrier molecules to target drugs cells which express glycan arrays. In spite lectin's interesting biological potential for drug targeting and delivery, a disadvantage natural may large size results in immunogenicity toxicity. Smaller peptides can mimic function promising candidates targeting.Principal...

Electrical stimulation (ES) has a remarkable capacity to regulate neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis in the treatment of various neurological diseases. However, wired devices connected stimulating electrode mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electrodes soft tissues restrict their motion cause possible infections, thereby limiting clinical utility. An approach integrating advantages wireless techniques hydrogels provides new insights into ES-induced nerve regeneration....

Many gene-encoded neurotoxins with various functions have been discovered in fish, reptiles, and mammals. A novel 60-residue neurotoxin peptide (anntoxin) that inhibited tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) was purified characterized from the skin secretions of tree frog Hyla annectans (Jerdon). This is first found amphibians. The IC50 anntoxin for TTX-S about 3.4 μm. Anntoxin shares sequence homology Kunitz-type toxins but contains only two three highly...

α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is the major component of Lewy bodies (LBs) deposited in brains patients with Parkinson's disease. Synphilin-1 (Sphl) a novel α-Syn-interacting protein also present LBs. However, roles α-Syn-Sphl interaction LB formation and related pathogenesis are still unclear. We have studied between α-Syn Sph1 by biochemical structural approaches found that central coiled-coil domain specifically interacts N-terminal stretch α-Syn. When overexpressed HEK 293T cells, Sphl forms...

Background The conformational conversion of the host-derived cellular prion protein (PrPC) into disease-associated scrapie isoform (PrPSc) is responsible for pathogenesis transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Various single-point mutations in PrPCs could cause structural changes and thereby distinctly influence conversion. Elucidation differences between wild-type rabbit PrPC (RaPrPC) various mutants would be great help to understand ability RaPrPC resistant TSE agents....

Carrot is a very popular vegetable and used for culinary cosmetic purposes. seeds can be treatment of hangovers stimulating menstruation. In the present study, carrot seed protein (CSP) extracted from ( Daucus carota L.) was hydrolysed by four proteases (papain, trypsin, neutrase, alcalase). Alcalase hydrolysate exhibited strongest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (DRSA). The optimum hydrolysis condition antioxidant peptide production CSP obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). as...

The ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) is a short peptide with dual function of binding ubiquitin (Ub) and promoting ubiquitination. We elucidated the structures dynamics tandem UIMs ataxin-3 (AT3-UIM12) both in free Ub-bound forms. solution structure AT3-UIM12 consists two α-helices flexible linker, whereas that form much more compact hydrophobic contacts between helices. NMR indicates linker becomes rigid when binds Ub. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrate diUb distinct affinities,...

Abstract During the long-term evolution of animal toxins acting on potassium channels, acidic residues can orientate toxin binding interfaces by adjusting molecular polarity. Based evolutionary function residues, de novo peptide drugs with distinct were designed for immunotherapeutic target, Kv1.3 channel. Using a natural basic toxin, BmKTX, as template, which contains 2 (Asp19 and Asp33), we engineered two new peptides BmKTX-19 1 residue (Asp33) BmKTX-196 (Asp6 Asp33) through only...