A5041209516- Mental Health Research Topics
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Mind wandering and attention
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
University College London
2016-2025
Yale University
2019-2025
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging
2015-2024
Prostate Cancer Research
2015-2023
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
2015-2021
Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing
2020
New York University
2006-2014
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
2014
University of Oxford
2014
University of Auckland
2004-2006
Significance A common question in the social science of well-being asks, “How happy do you feel on a scale 0 to 10?” Responses are often related life circumstances, including wealth. By asking people about their feelings as they go lives, ongoing happiness and events have been linked, but neural mechanisms underlying this relationship unknown. To investigate it, we presented subjects with decision-making task involving monetary gains losses repeatedly asked them report momentary happiness....
The effects of stress are frequently studied, yet its proximal causes remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that subjective estimates uncertainty predict the dynamics and physiological responses. Subjects learned a probabilistic mapping between visual stimuli electric shocks. Salivary cortisol confirmed our stressor elicited changes in endocrine activity. Using hierarchical Bayesian learning model, quantified relationship different forms task acute Subjective stress, pupil diameter skin...
Making predictions about the rewards associated with environmental stimuli and updating those through feedback is an essential aspect of adaptive behavior. Theorists have argued that dopamine encodes a reward prediction error (RPE) signal used in such reinforcement learning process. Recent work fMRI has demonstrated BOLD dopaminergic target areas meets both necessary sufficient conditions axiomatic model RPE hypothesis. However, there been no direct evidence release itself also criteria for...
Neuroimaging studies typically identify neural activity correlated with the predictions of highly parameterized models, like many reward prediction error (RPE) models used to study reinforcement learning. Identified brain areas might encode RPEs or, alternatively, only have RPE model predictions. Here, we use an alternate axiomatic approach rooted in economic theory formally test entire class on data. We show that measurements human from striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and...
The neuromodulator dopamine has a well established role in reporting appetitive prediction errors that are widely considered terms of learning. However, across wide variety contexts, both phasic and tonic aspects likely to exert more immediate effects have been less characterized. Of particular interest is dopamine9s influence on economic risk taking subjective well-being, quantity known be substantially affected by resulting from the outcomes risky choices. By boosting levels using levodopa...
<h3>Importance</h3> Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in representing reward prediction errors (RPEs), which are the difference between experienced and predicted reward. Reward underlie learning of values reinforcement models, represented by phasic dopamine release, known to affect momentary mood. <h3>Objective</h3> To combine functional neuroimaging, computational modeling, smartphone-based large-scale data collection test, absence learning-related concerns,...
Making appropriate choices often requires the ability to learn value of available options from experience. Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss dopamine neurons in substantia nigra, hypothesized play role reinforcement learning. Although previous studies have shown that patients are impaired tasks involving learning feedback, they not directly tested widely held hypothesis neuron activity specifically encodes reward prediction error signal used models. To test key this hypothesis,...
The human settlement of the Pacific Islands represents one most recent major migration events mankind. Polynesians originated in Asia according to linguistic evidence or Melanesia archaeological evidence. To shed light on genetic origins Polynesians, we investigated over 400 from 8 island groups, comparison with 900 individuals potential parental populations Melanesia, Southeast and East Asia, Australia, by means Y chromosome (NRY) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. Overall, classified 94.1%...
Decision-making is often viewed as a two-stage process, where subjective values are first assigned to each option and then the of highest value selected. Converging evidence suggests that these represented in striatum medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). A separate line activation same areas represents rewards even when choice not required, classical conditioning tasks. However, it unclear whether neural mechanism engaged both cases. To address this question we measured brain with functional...
By 2015, there will be an estimated two billion smartphone users worldwide. This technology presents exciting opportunities for cognitive science as a medium rapid, large-scale experimentation and data collection. At present, cost logistics limit most study populations to small samples, restricting the experimental questions that can addressed. In this we investigated whether mass collection of using is valid, given variability outside laboratory setting. We presented four classic paradigms...
The extent to which aging affects decision-making is controversial. Given the critical financial decisions that older adults face (e.g., managing retirement funds), changes in risk preferences are of particular importance [1Samanez-Larkin G.R. Knutson B. Decision making ageing brain: affective and motivational circuits.Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2015; 16: 278-289Crossref PubMed Scopus (181) Google Scholar]. Although some studies have found individuals more averse than younger ones [2Deakin J....
Self-esteem is shaped by the appraisals we receive from others. Here, characterize neural and computational mechanisms underlying this form of social influence. We introduce a model that captures fluctuations in self-esteem engendered prediction errors quantify difference between expected received feedback. Using functional MRI, show these correlate with activity ventral striatum/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, while updates resulting co-varied ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)....
Significance We reveal a novel and highly significant change in how items are held mind healthy aging. Using smartphones, data were collected from 29,631 participants, between the ages of 18–69 y. compare ability to exclude distractors when entered into working memory (WM) (encoding distraction, ED) (delay DD). In older adults, WM absence distraction was more similar ED exclusion than DD exclusion. A greater reliance on focused attention during encoding may reflect compensation for...
Loss aversion is a central element of prospect theory, the dominant theory decision making under uncertainty for past four decades, and refers to overweighting potential losses relative equivalent gains, critical determinant risky making. Recent advances in affective neuroscience have shed new light on psychological neurobiological mechanisms underlying loss aversion. Here, integrating disparate literatures from level neurotransmitters subjective reports emotion, we propose novel neural...
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Improvements in understanding the neurobiological basis of mental illness have unfortunately not translated into major advances treatment. At this point, it is clear that psychiatric disorders are exceedingly complex and that, order to account for leverage complexity, we need collect longitudinal data sets from much larger more diverse samples than practical using traditional methods. We discuss how smartphone-based research methods potential dramatically advance our neuroscience health....
One expression of executive control involves proactive preparation for future events, and this contrasts with stimulus driven reactive exerted in response to events. Here we describe findings from a inhibition task, delivered using smartphone-based platform, that allowed us index inhibitory self-control large community sample (n = 12,496). Change stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) when participants are provided advance information about an upcoming trial, compared they not, provides measure...
Although the impact of dopamine on reward learning is well documented, its influence other aspects behavior remains subject much ongoing work. Dopaminergic drugs are known to increase risk-taking behavior, but underlying mechanisms for this effect not clear. We probed dopamine's role by examining precursor L-DOPA choices healthy human participants in an experimental paradigm that allowed particular components risk be distinguished. show choice depended a baseline (ie, value-independent)...
Information sampling is often biased towards seeking evidence that confirms one's prior beliefs. Despite such biases being a pervasive feature of human behavior, their underlying causes remain unclear. Many accounts these appeal to limitations hypothesis testing and cognition, de facto evoking notions bounded rationality, but neglect more basic aspects behavioral control. Here, we investigated potential role for Pavlovian approach in biasing which information humans will choose sample. We...