Significance This work reports discovery of a unique gene important for rice agriculture. A significant yield enhancement in modern cultivar was achieved by identification gene, SPIKELET NUMBER ( SPIKE ) Indonesian landrace. The increased grain an indica IR64, which is widely grown the tropics, over four seasons at field level and improved plant architecture without changing quality or growth period, are regional adaptability. These results indicate finding will be extremely valuable...

We recently reported that nitric oxide (NO), which is produced by chondrocytes treated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1), releases basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stored in the matrix of articular chondrocytes. To clarify mechanism IL-1-induced bFGF release, we investigated production and gene expression bFGF, metalloproteinases (MMPs), syndecan 3, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) IL-1-treated rabbit IL-1 stimulated not only release but also it. Gelatin casein zymography revealed MMP-9 MMP-3....

A decline in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production caused by heat stress is one of the biggest concerns resulting from future climate change. Rice spikelets are most susceptible to at flowering. The early-morning flowering (EMF) trait mitigates heat-induced spikelet sterility stage escaping during daytime. We attempted develop near-isogenic lines (NILs) for EMF indica-type genetic background exploiting locus wild rice, O. officinalis (CC genome). stable quantitative (QTL) flower opening time...

Reduced fertilizer usage is one of the objectives field management in pursuit sustainable agriculture. Here, we report on shifts bacterial communities paddy rice ecosystems with low (LN), standard (SN), and high (HN) levels N application (0, 30, 300 kg ha−1, respectively). The LN had received no for 5 years prior to experiment. HN plants showed a 50% decrease 60% increase biomass compared SN plant biomass, respectively. Analyses 16S rRNA genes suggested between root microbiomes, which were...

Abstract The plant microbiome is crucial for growth, yet many important questions remain, such as the identification of specific bacterial species in plants, their genetic content, and location these genes on chromosomes or plasmids. To gain insights into makeup rice-phyllosphere, we perform a metagenomic analysis using long-read sequences. Here, 1.8 Gb reads are assembled 26,067 contigs including 142 circular Within contigs, 669 complete 16S rRNA clustered 166 species, 121 which show low...

ABSTRACT The chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has been known as an aerobe that respires on iron and sulfur. Here we show the could chemolithoautotrophically grow not only H 2 /O under aerobic conditions but also /Fe 3+ , /S 0 or S anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic respiration using Fe electron acceptor donor serves a primary energy source of bacterium. based reduction induced to synthesize significant amounts c- type cytochrome was purified acid-stable soluble...

Retinal and choroidal vascular imaging is a key to the better understanding diagnosis of eye diseases. To achieve comprehensive three-dimensional capillary imaging, we used an enhanced technique, so called adaptive optics optical coherence angiography (AO-OCA). AO-OCA enables in vivo high-resolution high-contrast micro-vascular by detecting Doppler frequency shifts. Using this retinal vasculatures healthy subjects were imaged. The results show that both intensity power images have sufficient...

Global warming is predicted to aggravate the risk of unstable crop production. It great concern that damage rice spikelet sterility and grain quality will increase, resulting in yield economic losses. To secure global food supply farmers' income, development cultivars with heat resilience a pressing concern. Regarding sterility, tolerance at different growth stages have been identified recent years. The early-morning flowering (EMF) trait effective escape because it shifts time day earlier...

The Bacillus thuringiensis CryIAa toxin binds a cadherin-like protein (BtR175) on the brush-border membranes of Bombyx mori midgut columnar cells, which are targets. By introducing BtR175 gene with baculovirus, Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells expressed cell membrane and became susceptible to toxin. bound cadherin repeat adjacent made pore that passed inorganic ions, causing swell burst. This was not observed variant lacking toxin-binding site. in vitro experiment mimicked specific...

Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the first of two steps in biosynthesis hypusine, a modification specific lysine residue precursor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. We have purified deoxyhypusine from yeast, and cloned sequenced corresponding gene encoding 387-amino acid protein Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene disruption experiments indicated that is essential for cell growth yeast. This was shown to be an intron-free, single-copy gene, its product can catalyze synthesis equally...

Prolonged incubation with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) induced the release of large amounts NO and subsequently inhibited DNA synthesis biosynthesis accumulation proteoglycans in cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes (RAC). IL-1 also bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAE). On other hand, BAE cocultured RAC was not by prolonged IL-1. Moreover, conditioned media from incubated for a long period stimulated alone. This growth stimulatory activity mainly due to basic fibroblast factor,...

Mercury is considered the most important heavy-metal pollutant, because of likelihood bioaccumulation and toxicity. Monitoring widespread ionic mercury (Hg(2+)) contamination requires high-throughput cost-effective methods to screen large numbers environmental samples. In this study, we developed a simple sensitive analysis for Hg(2+) in aqueous samples by combining microfluidic immunoassay solid-phase extraction (SPE). Using platform, an ultrasensitive immunoassay, which yields results...

Mesocotyl elongation is an important trait for seedling emergence in direct-seeding cultivation rice. In this study, a backcross inbred line (BIL) population from cross between Kasalath and Nipponbare was employed to map quantitative loci (QTLs) mesocotyl elongation. A total of 5 QTLs length were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 9, 12 2 independent experiments. At all QTL, the alleles contributed increase length. Two (qMel-1 qMel-3) 1 3 consistently detected both To fine QTLs, made...

Summary Background Vonoprazan, a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, is expected to improve the healing of endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD )‐induced gastric ulcers compared with proton pump inhibitors PPI s). Aim To compare status ‐induced and incidence post‐ bleeding between subjects treated vonoprazan for 5 weeks those s 8 weeks. Methods Patients in group n = 75) were prospectively enrolled, whereas patients 150) selected 2:1 matched historical control cohort according baseline...

Direct-seeding cultivation by deep-seeding of seeds (drill seeding) is becoming popular due to the scarcity land and labor. However, poor emergence inadequate seedling establishment can lead yield loss in direct-seeding deep-sowing. In rice, mesocotyl coleoptile are primarily responsible for from deeper levels soil. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) length at 5-cm seeding depth were detected using 98 backcross inbred lines a cross between Kasalath Nipponbare. Three QTLs qMel-1, qMel-3, qMel-6...

ABSTRACT Plants have mutualistic symbiotic relationships with rhizobia and fungi by the common symbiosis pathway, of which Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (encoded CCaMK ) is a central component. Although Oryza sativa ( OsCCaMK required for fungal accommodation in rice roots, little known about role bacteria. Here, we report effect Tos17 -induced mutant (NE1115) on CH 4 flux low-nitrogen (LN) standard-nitrogen (SN) paddy fields compared wild-type (WT) Nipponbare. The growth NE1115...

Metagenomic analysis was applied to bacterial communities associated with the shoots of two field-grown rice cultivars, Nipponbare and Kasalath. In both shoot microbiomes were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria (51–52%), Actinobacteria (11–15%), Gammaproteobacteria (9–10%), Betaproteobacteria (4–10%). Compared other (root, rhizosphere, phyllosphere) in public databases, harbored abundant genes for C1 compound metabolism 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate catabolism, but fewer indole-3-acetic...

Headaches are a common complaint in the emergency department (ED). Understanding characteristics and outcomes of headaches, especially undiagnosed patients, is important for improving headache care ED. We conducted retrospective study 171 patients at ED Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, with follow-up primary groups via telephone to assess long-term outcomes. Primary, secondary, headaches accounted 15.2%, 58.4%, 26.3% cases, respectively. All life-threatening secondary were successfully...

ABSTRACT The diversities leaf-associated bacteria on nonnodulated (Nod − ), wild-type nodulated + and hypernodulated ++ ) soybeans were evaluated by clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. To analyze impact nitrogen fertilization bacterial leaf community, treated with standard (SN) (15 kg N ha −1 or heavy (HN) (615 fertilization. Under SN fertilization, relative abundance Alphaproteobacteria was significantly higher in Nod (82% to 96%) than (54%). community structure almost unaffected...

We present an adaptive optics spectral domain optical coherence tomography (AO-SDOCT) with a long focal range by active phase modulation of the pupil. A is achieved introducing AO-controlled third-order spherical aberration (SA). The property SA and its effects on are investigated in detail using Huygens-Fresnel principle, beam profile measurement OCT imaging phantom. results indicate that extended applying SA, direction extension can be controlled sign applied SA. Finally, we demonstrated...

To examine whether microbial community structure differs across rice genotypes, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) was conducted. Nine cultivars of Oryza sativa ssp. indica or japonica and seven lines other species were grown in paddy fields with low, standard, high levels N fertilization. Multidimensional scaling plots bacterial ARISA for aerial parts (shoots) revealed that the shoot communities significantly affected by plant genotype (indica japonica) based on...