An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) is described. Currently, Hummers' (KMnO4, NaNO3, H2SO4) most common used preparing oxide. We have found that excluding increasing amount KMnO4, and performing reaction in a 9:1 mixture H2SO4/H3PO4 improves efficiency oxidation process. This provides greater hydrophilic oxidized material as compared to or with additional KMnO4. Moreover, even though GO produced by our more than prepared method, when both are reduced same chamber...

A series of ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been prepared in which the N-aryl groups changed from mesityl to mono-ortho-substituted phenyl (e.g., tolyl). These new offer an exceptional increase activity for formation tetrasubstituted olefins via ring-closing (RCM), while maintaining high levels (RCM) reactions that generate di- and trisubstituted olefins.

The synthesis of olefin metathesis catalysts containing chiral, monodentate N-heterocyclic carbenes and their application to asymmetric ring-closing (ARCM) are reported. These retain the high levels reactivity found in related achiral variants (1a 1b). Using parent chiral 2a 2b derivatives that contain steric bulk meta positions N-bound aryl rings (catalysts 3−5), five- through seven-membered were formed up 92% ee. addition sodium iodide 2a−4a (to form 2b−4b situ) caused a dramatic increase...

[structure: see text]. Increased efficiency for ring-closing metathesis to form tetrasubstituted olefins using N-heterocyclic carbene ligated ruthenium catalysts was achieved by reducing the size of substituents at ortho positions N-bound aryl rings.

Plasmonic photothermal therapy utilizes biologically inert gold nanorods (AuNRs) as tumor-localized antennas that convert light into heat capable of eliminating cancerous tissue. This approach has lower morbidity than surgical resection and can potentially synergize with other treatment modalities including chemotherapy immunotherapy. Despite these advantages, it is still challenging to obtain heating the entire tumor mass while avoiding unnecessary collateral damage surrounding healthy It...

The field of nanomedicine has received much attention for its potential to allow targeted identification and treatment tumors, while sparing healthy tissue. This promise yet be clinically realized; instead translated into clinical benefit via formulations that improve the pharmacokinetics toxicity profiles toxic chemotherapeutic agents. In this perspective, we highlight several defining strategies using nanoparticles intravenously target solid tumors have limited supporting data in animal...

Injury to the neurovasculature is a feature of brain injury and must be addressed maximize opportunity for improvement. Cerebrovascular dysfunction, manifested by reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), key factor that worsens outcome after traumatic (TBI), most notably under conditions hypotension. We report here new class antioxidants, poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), which are nontoxic particles, rapidly restore CBF mild...

Metathesis takes sides: The scope of asymmetric metathesis has been expanded with the use chiral ruthenium catalysts for ring-opening cross-metathesis and first example an (see scheme, TIPS=triisopropylsilyl). Information about mechanism should allow development more selective catalysts. Supporting information this article is available on WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z602469_s.pdf or from author. Please note: publisher not responsible content functionality any...

National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored screening centers provide academic researchers with a special opportunity to pursue small-molecule probes for protein targets that are outside the current interest of, or beyond standard technologies employed by, pharmaceutical industry. Here, we describe outcome an inhibitor screen one such target, enzyme phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1), which regulates methylesterification state 2A (PP2A) and is implicated in cancer neurodegeneration....

Many new drugs have low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a classic example of this type compound. Here we show that extremely small (<40 nm) hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) are PEGylated (PEG-HCCs) effective drug delivery vehicles when simply mixed with paclitaxel. This formulation PTX sequestered in PEG-HCCs (PTX/PEG-HCCs) stable for at least 20 weeks. The PTX/PEG-HCCs was as clinical reducing tumor volumes an orthotopic murine model oral squamous...

Graphene possesses unique electrical, physical, and chemical properties that may offer significant potential as a bioscaffold for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the in vitro biocompatibility pristine graphene interface with primary rat cortical neurons.Graphene films were prepared by vapor deposition on copper foil catalytic substrate subsequent apposition bare Permanox plastic polymer dishes. Rat cell culture grown...

Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is the major cause sterile inflammation and pulmonary emphysema. The effect carbon black (CB), a universal constituent derived from incomplete combustion organic material, in smokers non-smokers less known. In this study, we show that insoluble nanoparticulate (nCB) accumulates human myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) emphysematous lung CD11c + antigen presenting (APC) mice exposed to smoke. Likewise, nCB intranasal administration induced emphysema mouse...

Get ready for take off: A planar-chiral derivative of 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (1) mediates the title transformation (see scheme) in a convergent manner with good enantioselectivity, thus giving first catalytic asymmetric synthesis aza-β-lactams. Supporting information this article is available on WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802439_s.pdf or from author. Please note: The publisher not responsible content functionality any supporting supplied by authors. Any queries...

Polyvinyl alcohol functionalized oxidized carbon black efficiently carries a hydrophobic compound through variety of oil-field rock types and releases the when contains hydrocarbons.

Neural stem cells maintain their tumor tropism after internalizing gold nanorods. When exposed to a laser, the loaded heat up, destroying surrounding cells. As service our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by authors. Such materials are peer reviewed may be re-organized for online delivery, but not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from (other than missing files) should addressed Please note: The publisher is responsible content...

Optical scattering has traditionally limited the ability to focus light inside media such as biological tissue. Recently developed wavefront shaping techniques promise overcome this limit by tailoring an optical constructively interfere at a target location deep media. To find solution, "guide-star" mechanism is required identify location. However, developing guidestars of practical usefulness challenging, especially in tissue, which hinders translation techniques. Here, we demonstrate...

Aim: The purpose of this work is to determine if tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can improve the tumor-selective distribution and retention nanoparticles (NPs) within invasive brain tumors. Materials & methods: Streptavidin-conjugated, polystyrene NPs are surface-coupled biotinylated human NSCs. These large (798 nm), yet when conjugated tropic cells, they too passively diffuse through tissue or cross blood–tumor barrier. NP was quantified 4 days after injections located either adjacent...

ABSTRACT Thermoresponsive, biodegradable polymeric hydrogel networks are used widely in medicinal applications. Poly( d , l ‐lactic acid‐ co ‐glycolic acid)‐ b ‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐ ‐poly( acid) (PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA) triblock copolymers exhibit a sol–gel transition upon heating. The effect of PLGA block and PEG chain molecular weights (MWs) on the gelling temperature polymer aqueous solution (20% w/w) is described. All solutions convert into hard gel within 2 °C temperature. release properties...

Purpose: The aim of the present study was in vivo assessment effects gold nanorod (AuNR)-mediated laser ablation (LA) flank xenograft tumours. We investigated: differences between intra-tumoural (TIT) and surface tumoural temperature (TS); influence AuNRs concentration power (P) on both these temperatures tumour regression. Lastly, experimental data were used to validate a theoretical model developed predict AuNR-mediated LA.Materials methods: Thirty-two nude mice treated using...

This work proposes the use of femtosecond laser-written fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for internal temperature monitoring tumors undergoing gold nanorod (AuNR)-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT). Arrays sub-millimetric FBGs enabled an accurate and quasi-distributed measurement within subcutaneous breast in mice. Furthermore, permitted to investigate laser-tissue interaction AuNR-assisted enhancement on cancerous tissue exposed 940 nm 1064 radiations. The introduction tumor-localized...

Serine hydrolases are one of the largest and most diverse enzyme classes in Nature. Most serine lack selective inhibitors, which valuable probes for assigning functions to these enzymes. We recently discovered a set aza-β-lactams (ABLs) that act as potent inhibitors mammalian hydrolase protein-phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1). The ABLs inactivate PME-1 by covalent acylation enzyme's nucleophile, suggesting they could offer general scaffold inhibitor discovery. Here, we have tested this...

By introducing a capping step and controlling the reaction parameters, assembly of metallic nanoparticle aggregates can be achieved using small-molecule crosslinker. Aggregates assembled from particles varied size composition systematically adjusted. Following cell uptake 60 nm aggregates, are stable nontoxic to macrophage cells up 55 × 10−3m Au. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by authors. Such materials peer reviewed may re-organized for...

Current chemotherapeutics are characterized by efficient tumor cell-killing and severe side effects mostly derived from off-target toxicity. Hence targeted delivery of these drugs to cells is actively sought. We previously demonstrated that poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized carbon nanovectors able sequester paclitaxel, a widely used hydrophobic cancer drug, simple physisorption thereby deliver the drug for killing cells. The when drug-loaded nanoparticles were was equivalent commercial...