A5033458397- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Voice and Speech Disorders
- Selenium in Biological Systems
- Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Trace Elements in Health
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Dysphagia Assessment and Management
- Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
- Sperm and Testicular Function
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
University College Cork
2016-2025
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2023
Harvard University
1972-2023
University of Utah
2012-2022
Trinity College Dublin
1968-2022
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
2021-2022
University of Sheffield
2021
University of Alabama at Birmingham
2020
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1991-2014
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2001-2013
The family Potyviridae includes >30% of known plant virus species, many which are great agricultural significance. These viruses have a positive sense RNA genome that is approximately 10 kb long and contains single ORF. ORF translated into large polyprotein, cleaved mature proteins. We report the discovery short embedded within P3 cistron polyprotein but in +2 reading-frame. ORF, termed pipo, conserved has strong bioinformatic coding signature throughout diverse family. Mutations knock out...
Influenza's Cryptic Constraint Because of the well-known pandemic potential influenza viruses, it is important to understand range molecular interactions between virus and its host. Despite years intensive research on virus, Jagger et al. (p. 199 , published online 28 June; see Perspective by Yewdell Ince ) have found that A has been hiding a gene in small negative-sense RNA genome. An overlapping open reading frame was contained PA viral polymerase gene, which accessed ribosomal...
Selenoprotein P (Se-P) contains most of the selenium in plasma. Its function is not known. Mice with Se-P gene deleted (Sepp(-/-)) were generated. Two phenotypes observed: 1) Sepp(-/-) mice lost weight and developed poor motor coordination when fed diets below 0.1 mg/kg, 2) male had sharply reduced fertility. Weanling Sepp(+/+), Sepp(+/-), for 8 weeks containing <0.02-2 mg selenium/kg. Sepp(+/+) Sepp(+/-) similar concentrations all tissues except plasma where a gene-dose effect on was...
The arterivirus family (order Nidovirales ) of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses includes porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus equine arteritis (EAV). Their replicative enzymes are translated from their genomic RNA, while seven structural proteins encoded by a set small, partially overlapping genes in the 3′-proximal region. latter expressed via synthesis subgenomic mRNAs that, general, functionally monocistronic (except for bicistronic mRNA encoding E GP2 proteins)....
Programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting (−1 PRF) is a gene-expression mechanism used to express many viral and some cellular genes. In contrast, efficient natural utilization of −2 PRF has not been demonstrated previously in eukaryotic systems. Like all nidoviruses, members the Arteriviridae (a family positive-stranded RNA viruses) their replicase polyproteins pp1a pp1ab from two long ORFs (1a 1b), where synthesis depends on PRF. These are posttranslationally cleaved into at least 13...
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting is a key event during translation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA genome that allows synthesis viral RNA-dependent polymerase and downstream proteins. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structure translating mammalian ribosome primed for on RNA. The adopts pseudoknot lodges at entry to messenger (mRNA) channel generate tension in mRNA promote frameshifting, whereas nascent polyprotein forms distinct...
Stop codon readthrough is used extensively by viruses to expand their gene expression. Until recent discoveries in Drosophila, only a very limited number of cases chromosomal genes had been reported. Analysis conserved protein coding signatures that extend beyond annotated stop codons identified potential four mammalian genes. Here we use modified targeted bioinformatic approach identify further three candidates. All seven were tested experimentally using reporter constructs transfected into...
Scientific Report25 June 2015Open Access Transcriptional slippage in the positive-sense RNA virus family Potyviridae Allan Olspert Division of Virology, Department Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University Cambridge, UK Plant Sciences, Search for more papers by this author Betty Y-W Chung John F Atkins Schools Biochemistry and Microbiology, College Cork, Ireland Human Genetics, Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA P Carr Andrew E Firth Corresponding Author Information Olspert1,2, Chung2,...
Abstract Our understanding of protein synthesis has been conceptualised around the structure and function bacterial ribosome. This complex macromolecular machine is target important antimicrobial drugs, an integral line defence against infectious diseases. Here, we describe how open access to cryo-electron microscopy facilities combined with bespoke user support enabled structural determination translating ribosome from Escherichia coli at 1.55 Å resolution. The obtained structures allow for...
Frameshift mutations frequently express residual levels of gene activity; that is, they are often leaky. This leakiness can be used as a tool to define the functional components affect reading frame during expression (Atkins et al. 1972; Fox and Weiss-Brummer 1980; Weiss Gallant 1983). Recent technological advances in capability efficiently build synthetic DNA sequences have facilitated construction small, defined "frameshift windows." These windows regions where frameshift events detected...
Abstract Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland with autoimmune etiology. 1 Patients afflicted have a higher risk malignancies such as papillary carcinoma. 2 In present study, we investigated frequency carcinoma specific genes in patients diagnosed disease. The newly identified oncogenes RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 provide useful markers early stages they are highly for malignant cells. Using sensitive reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay,...
As a result of their ability to induce translational readthrough stop codons, the aminoglycoside antibiotics are currently being tested for efficacy in treatment Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients carrying nonsense mutation dystrophin gene. We have undertaken systematic analysis aminoglycoside-induced each codon human tissue culture cells using dual luciferase reporter system. Significant differences efficiency were observed, with UGA showing greater than UAG or UAA. Additionally,...
Addition of the polyamines spermidine, spermine, or putrescine to a fractionated mammalian cell-free protein-synthesis system programmed by variety mRNAs results in 3- 5-fold stimulation amino acid incorporation over that found absence added polyamine. The used as template were adenovirus mRNA, globin 9s and RNA from bacteriophages R17, Qbeta, MS2. relative amounts 10 polypeptides synthesized vitro are altered addition translation reflect more closely these vivo. This qualititive improvement...
In eukaryotes, it is generally assumed that translation initiation occurs at the AUG codon closest to messenger RNA 5' cap. However, in certain cases, can occur codons differing from by a single nucleotide, especially CUG, UUG, GUG, ACG, AUA and AUU. While non-AUG has been experimentally verified for handful of human genes, full extent which this phenomenon utilized--both increased coding capacity potentially also novel regulatory mechanisms--remains unclear. To address issue, hence improve...