Edward M. Stolper
A5039613093- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Glass properties and applications
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Building materials and conservation
- Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Material Dynamics and Properties
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
- Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
California Institute of Technology
2015-2024
Planetary Science Institute
1975-2023
Geological Society of America
2020
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
2004
Arizona State University
1995
Australian National University
1988
University of Chicago
1984
Smithsonian Institution
1984
Harvard University
1973-1979
University of Edinburgh
1975-1977
Experiments were conducted to determine the solubilities of H2O and CO2 nature their mixing behavior in basaltic liquid at pressures temperature relevant seqfloor eruption. Mid-ocean ridge (MORB) was equilibrated 1200°C with pure 176–717 bar H2O—CO2 vapor up 980 bar. Concentrations speciation dissolved quenched glasses measured using IR spectroscopy. Molar absorptivities for 4500 cm−1 band hydroxyl groups 5200 1630 bands molecular water are 0⋅67±0⋅03, 0⋅62±0⋅07, 25±3 l/mol-cm, respectively....
As magmas rise toward the surface, they traverse regions of mantle and crust with which are not in equilibrium; to extent that time intimacy their physical contact permit, melts country rocks will interact chemically. We have modeled aspects these chemical interactions terms ion-exchange processes similar those operating simple chromatographic columns. The implications for trace element systematics straightforward: composition melt emerging from top column evolves close incipient matrix...
Recycled oceanic crust, with or without sediment, is often invoked as a source component of continental and alkaline magmas to account for their trace-element isotopic characteristics. Alternatively, these features have been attributed sources containing veined, metasomatized lithosphere. In melting experiments on natural amphibole-rich veins at 1.5 gigapascals, we found that partial melts metasomatic can reproduce key major- magmas. Moreover, hornblendite plus lherzolite showed reaction...
Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, sulfides, amorphous material, trioctahedral smectites. smectite has basal spacing of ~10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. Cumberland both ~13.2 angstroms. larger suggests a partially chloritized magnesium facilitating H2O retention. Basaltic minerals...
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment surface 7 August 2012. We report discuss absorbed dose equivalent from galactic rays solar particles martian for ~300 days observations during current maximum. These provide insight into hazards associated with a human mission to an anchor point which model subsurface environment, implications microbial survival...
Research Article| June 01, 2003 Alkalic magmas generated by partial melting of garnet pyroxenite Marc M. Hirschmann; Hirschmann 1Department Geology and Geophysics, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA, Division Geological Planetary Science, 170-25, California Institute Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA Search for other works this author on: GSW Google Scholar Tetsu Kogiso; Kogiso 2Department Michael B. Baker; Baker 3 Sciences, Edward Stolper (2003) 31 (6): 481–484....
Samples from the Rocknest aeolian deposit were heated to ~835°C under helium flow and evolved gases analyzed by Curiosity’s Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite. H 2 O, SO , CO O major released. Water abundance (1.5 3 weight percent) release temperature suggest that is bound within an amorphous component of sample. Decomposition fine-grained Fe or Mg carbonate likely source much . Evolved coincident with Cl, suggesting oxygen produced thermal decomposition oxychloride compound. Elevated...
Volume mixing and isotope ratios secured with repeated atmospheric measurements taken the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on Curiosity rover are: carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.960(±0.007); argon-40 ((40)Ar), 0.0193(±0.0001); nitrogen (N2), 0.0189(±0.0003); oxygen, 1.45(±0.09) × 10(-3); monoxide, < 1.0 (40)Ar/(36)Ar, 1.9(±0.3) 10(3). The (40)Ar/N2 ratio is 1.7 times greater (40)Ar/(36)Ar 1.6 lower than values reported by Viking Lander mass spectrometer in 1976, whereas other are generally...
The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis with Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, pigeonite, minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, ilmenite. phases are present at, or near, detection limits. also contains 27 ± 14 weight percent amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe 3+ -...
The compressibility of basic melt at 1 atmosphere is about an order magnitude higher than that mantle minerals. Consequently, the density contrast between and principal residual crystals in source regions expected to decrease with increasing region depth. increasingly olivine‐normative character primary melts produced greater depths also result a this Once vertical permeability established by generated during partial melting, buoyancy‐driven percolation can under some circumstances segregate...
H 2 O, CO , SO O S, HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons, NO, and other trace gases were evolved during pyrolysis of two mudstone samples acquired by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay within Gale crater, Mars. O/OH-bearing phases included 2:1 phyllosilicate(s), bassanite, akaganeite, amorphous materials. Thermal decomposition carbonates combustion organic materials are candidate sources for . Concurrent evolution hydrocarbons suggests presence oxychlorine phase(s). Sulfides likely...
Observations by the Mars Science Laboratory Mast Camera (Mastcam) in Gale crater reveal isolated outcrops of cemented pebbles (2 to 40 millimeters diameter) and sand grains with textures typical fluvial sedimentary conglomerates. Rounded conglomerates indicate substantial abrasion. ChemCam emission spectra at one outcrop show a predominantly feldspathic composition, consistent minimal aqueous alteration sediments. Sediment was mobilized ancient water flows that likely exceeded threshold...
Subduction zone magmas are characterized by high concentrations of H 2 O, presumably derived from the subducted plate and ultimately responsible for melting at this tectonic setting. Previous studies role water during mantle beneath back‐arc basins found positive correlations between O concentration ( o ) extent F ), in contrast to negative observed mid‐ocean ridges. Here we examine data compiled six three ridge regions. We use TiO as a proxy , then calculate measured submarine basalts....
The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. fraction of sand <150 micrometers in size contains ~55% crystalline material consistent with a basaltic heritage ~45% x-ray amorphous material. component iron-rich silicon-poor host volatiles (water, oxygen, sulfur dioxide, carbon chlorine) detected Sample Analysis at instrument fine-grained nanophase oxide first described from soils MERs. similarity between materials...