S. Burmeister
A5017961573- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Space exploration and regulation
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Kiel University
2014-2023
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca
2020
Fachhochschule Kiel
2015-2020
Clinical Research Center Kiel
2013
Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, sulfides, amorphous material, trioctahedral smectites. smectite has basal spacing of ~10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. Cumberland both ~13.2 angstroms. larger suggests a partially chloritized magnesium facilitating H2O retention. Basaltic minerals...
The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis with Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, pigeonite, minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, ilmenite. phases are present at, or near, detection limits. also contains 27 ± 14 weight percent amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe 3+ -...
The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. fraction of sand <150 micrometers in size contains ~55% crystalline material consistent with a basaltic heritage ~45% x-ray amorphous material. component iron-rich silicon-poor host volatiles (water, oxygen, sulfur dioxide, carbon chlorine) detected Sample Analysis at instrument fine-grained nanophase oxide first described from soils MERs. similarity between materials...
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector on the International Space Station (ISS) conducting unique, long-duration mission of fundamental research in space. objectives include precise studies origin dark matter, antimatter, and cosmic rays as well exploration new phenomena. Following 16-year period construction testing, precursor flight Shuttle, AMS was installed ISS May 19, 2011. In this report we present results based 120 billion charged ray events up...
Human exploration of the Moon is associated with substantial risks to astronauts from space radiation. On surface Moon, this consists chronic exposure galactic cosmic rays and sporadic solar particle events. The interaction radiation field lunar soil leads a third component that neutral particles, i.e., neutrons gamma Lunar Lander Neutrons Dosimetry experiment aboard China's Chang'E 4 lander has made first ever measurements both charged particles on surface. We measured an average total...
We report the observation of new properties primary iron (Fe) cosmic rays in rigidity range 2.65 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.62×106 nuclei collected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on International Space Station. Above 80.5 dependence ray Fe flux is identical He, C, and O fluxes, Fe/O ratio being constant at 0.155±0.006. This shows that unexpectedly belong same class which different from Ne, Mg, Si class.Received 2 October 2020Revised 22 November 2020Accepted 9 December...
We report the observation of new properties primary cosmic rays, neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si), measured in rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 1.8×10^{6} Ne, 2.2×10^{6} Mg, 1.6×10^{6} Si nuclei collected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on International Space Station. The Ne Mg spectra have identical dependence above 3.65 GV. three 86.5 GV, deviate from a single power law 200 harden an way. Unexpectedly, rays is different He, C, O. This shows that O are two classes rays.
We present the precision measurement of daily proton fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 (a total 2824 days or 114 Bartels rotations) rigidity interval 1 100 GV based on 5.5×10^{9} protons collected with Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard International Space Station. The exhibit variations multiple timescales. From 2014 2018, we observed recurrent flux a period 27 days. Shorter periods 9 and 13.5 are 2016. strength all three periodicities changes time rigidity....
The radiation environment encountered in space differs nature from that on Earth, consisting mostly of highly energetic ions protons up to iron, resulting levels far exceeding the ones present Earth for occupational workers. Since beginning era, exposure during missions has been monitored with various active and passive instruments. Also onboard International Space Station (ISS), a number area monitoring devices provide data related spatial temporal variation field outside ISS. aim DOSIS...
Abstract The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD)—situated inside the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover—is first ever instrument to measure energetic particle radiation environment on surface of Mars. To fully understand influence this field in terms potential hazard life, a detailed knowledge its composition is necessary. Charged particles are major component environment, both galactic cosmic rays propagating Martian and secondary created by interactions these with atoms atmosphere...
We present the precision measurement of 2824 daily helium fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 rigidity interval 1.71 100 GV based on 7.6×10^{8} nuclei collected with Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard International Space Station. The flux and proton ratio exhibit variations multiple timescales. In nearly all time intervals 2014 2018, we observed recurrent a period 27 days. Shorter periods 9 days 13.5 are 2016. strength three periodicities changes rigidity....
We present the precision measurements of 11 years daily cosmic electron fluxes in rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×10^{8} electrons collected with Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard International Space Station. The exhibit variations multiple timescales. Recurrent flux periods 27 days, 13.5 and 9 days are observed. find that show distinctly different time proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between is observed significance greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5...
The natural radiation environment in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) differs significantly composition and energy from that found on Earth. space field consists of high energetic protons heavier ions Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR), as well electrons trapped the Earth's belts (Van Allen belts). Protons some particles ejected occasional Solar Particle Events (SPEs) might addition contribute to exposure LEO. All sources are modulated by solar cycle. During maximum conditions SPEs occur more frequently...
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board Mars Science Laboratory's (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures the energy spectra of both energetic charged and neutral particles along with radiation dose rate at surface Mars. With these first-ever measurements Martian surface, RAD observed several effects influencing galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) induced concurrently: (a) short-term diurnal variations atmospheric pressure caused by daily thermal tides, (b) long-term seasonal changes in atmosphere,...
Precise knowledge of the charge and rigidity dependence secondary cosmic ray fluxes secondary-to-primary flux ratios is essential in understanding propagation. We report properties heavy fluorine F R range 2.15 GV to 2.9 TV based on 0.29 million events collected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment International Space Station. The spectrum deviates from a single power law above 200 GV. heavier F/Si ratio distinctly different lighter B/O (or B/C) dependence. In particular, 10 GV, F/SiB/O...
We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million 0.51 nuclei collected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment International Space Station. found that Na Al, together with nitrogen (N), belong a distinct ray group. In this group, we observe that, similar N flux, both flux Al are well described sums primary component (proportional silicon flux) secondary fluorine flux). The fraction increases for N, Na, fluxes...
Aims: To predict the cruise radiation environment related to future human missions Mars, correlation between solar modulation potential and dose rate measured by Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) has been analyzed empirical models have employed quantify this correlation. Methods: The instrument RAD, onboard Mars Science Laboratory's (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures a broad spectrum of energetic particles along with during 253-day phase as well on surface Mars. With these first ever...
Short- and long-term side effects following the treatment of cancer with radiation are strongly related to amount dose deposited healthy tissue surrounding tumor. The characterization field outside planned target volume is first step for estimating health risks, such as developing a secondary radioinduced malignancy. In ion high-energy photon treatments, major contribution in far-out-of-field region given by neutrons, which produced nuclear interaction primary beam line components patient's...
<div class="abstract"> <p> <div>&lt;div class="abstract"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The radiation environment in free space and the related exposure is seen as one of main health detriments for future long-duration human exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The steady flux energetic particles galactic cosmic (GCR) produces&amp;nbsp; a low dose-rate exposure, which heavily influenced by several factors including solar cycle, presence an...
Abstract The 10–12 September Solar Energetic Particle event produced the strongest increase of radiation environment measured by Radiation Assessment Detector on surface Mars since landing in August 2012. We report details measurements energetic particle from Gale crater during this event. increased low‐energy proton flux (below 100 MeV) a factor 30, and higher‐energy 4, above preevent levels. 4 He MeV/nuc) rose factors up to 10, neutral particles 2 background. started 10 around 19:50 UTC,...
Abstract The nominal radiation environment in low Earth orbit, especially for the International Space Station (ISS), is dominated by two sources. first galactic cosmic radiation, which modulated interplanetary and Earth's magnetic fields, second trapped form of Van Allen belts. inside ISS mostly due to protons inner belt. In addition these sources sporadic solar particle events (SPEs) can produce high doses outside ISS, depending on intensity energy spectrum event. Before 2017, last SPE...
Abstract We report the zenith angle dependence of radiation environment at Gale Crater on Mars. This is first determination this another planet than Earth and important for future human exploration Mars understanding effects in Martian regolith. Within narrow range tilt angles (0≤ θ 0 ≤15°) experienced by Curiosity Mars, we find a with , which not too different from an isotropic field quite that sea level where .