G. Castellini
A5060858229- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics
2015-2024
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze
2013-2024
National Research Council
2015-2024
Louisiana State University
2023
Waseda University
2021
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I
1995-2020
Sapienza University of Rome
2020
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
2019
University of Florence
1998-2017
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
1993-2017
A precision measurement by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on International Space Station of positron fraction in primary cosmic rays energy range from 0.5 to 350 GeV based $6.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ and electron events is presented. The very accurate data show that steadily increasing 10 $\ensuremath{\sim}250\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, but, 20 250 GeV, slope decreases an order magnitude. spectrum shows no fine structure, ratio observable anisotropy. Together, these...
A precise measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays with rigidity (momentum/charge) from 1 GV to 1.8 TV is presented based on 300 million events. Knowledge dependence important understanding origin, acceleration, and propagation rays. We present detailed variation spectral index for first time. The progressively hardens at high rigidities.Received 6 March 2015DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.171103This article available under terms Creative Commons Attribution 3.0...
Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of cosmic radiation. Precise measurements their fluxes needed to understand acceleration subsequent propagation rays in our Galaxy. We report precision proton spectra rigidity range 1 gigavolt 1.2 teravolts performed by satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload for antimatter matter exploration light-nuclei astrophysics). find that spectral shapes these two species different cannot be described well a single power law. These data...
The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton flux and antiproton-to-proton ratio which extends previously published measurements down 60 MeV up 180 GeV in kinetic energy. During 850 days data acquisition approximately 1500 antiprotons were observed. are consistent with purely secondary production Galaxy. More precise models required for complete interpretation results.
A new measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton-to-proton flux ratio between 1 and 100 GeV is presented. The results were obtained with PAMELA experiment, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on-board Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. During 500 days data collection a total about 1000 antiprotons have been identified, including above an energy 20 GeV. high-energy are tenfold improvement in statistics respect to all previously published data. follow trend expected from secondary...
Measurements of the positron fraction in high energy cosmic rays using space-borne Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer have been extended to energies 500 GeV. The new results show that stops increasing with at around 200
Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on International Space Station of primary cosmic-ray electron flux in range 0.5 to 700 GeV and positron 500 are presented. The each require a description beyond single power-law spectrum. Both change their behavior at ∼30 but fluxes significantly different magnitude energy dependence. Between 20 200 spectral index is harder than index. determination differing indices versus new observation provides important information origins...
Knowledge of the precise rigidity dependence helium flux is important in understanding origin, acceleration, and propagation cosmic rays. A measurement primary rays with (momentum/charge) from 1.9 GV to 3 TV based on 50 million events presented compared proton flux. The detailed variation spectral index for first time. progressively hardens at rigidities larger than 100 GV. similar that though magnitudes are different. Remarkably, ratio increases up 45 then becomes constant; above well...
A precision measurement by AMS of the antiproton flux and antiproton-to-proton ratio in primary cosmic rays absolute rigidity range from 1 to 450 GV is presented based on 3.49×10^{5} events 2.42×10^{9} proton events. The fluxes ratios charged elementary particles are also presented. In ∼60 ∼500 GV, p[over ¯], p, positron e^{+} found have nearly identical dependence electron e^{-} exhibits a different dependence. Below 60 (p[over ¯]/p), ¯]/e^{+}), (p/e^{+}) each reaches maximum. From show no...
Precision measurements of the electron component in cosmic radiation provide important information about origin and propagation rays Galaxy. Here we present new results regarding negatively charged electrons between 1 625 GeV performed by satellite-borne experiment PAMELA. This is first time that cosmic-ray have been identified above 50 GeV. The spectrum can be described with a single power law energy dependence spectral index -3.18 +- 0.05 region influenced solar wind (> 30 GeV). No...
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector on the International Space Station (ISS) conducting unique, long-duration mission of fundamental research in space. objectives include precise studies origin dark matter, antimatter, and cosmic rays as well exploration new phenomena. Following 16-year period construction testing, precursor flight Shuttle, AMS was installed ISS May 19, 2011. In this report we present results based 120 billion charged ray events up...
Knowledge of the rigidity dependence boron to carbon flux ratio (B/C) is important in understanding propagation cosmic rays. The precise measurement B/C from 1.9 GV 2.6 TV, based on 2.3 million and 8.3 nuclei collected by AMS during first 5 years operation, presented. detailed variation with spectral index reported for time. does not show any significant structures contrast many ray models that require such at high rigidities. Remarkably, above 65 GV, well described a single power law R^{Δ}...
A measurement of the cosmic ray positron fraction e+/(e++e−) in energy range 1–30 GeV is presented. The based on data taken by AMS-01 experiment during its 10 day Space Shuttle flight June 1998. proton background suppression order 106 reached identifying converted bremsstrahlung photons emitted from positrons.
Precision measurements of the positron component in cosmic radiation provide important information about propagation rays and nature particle sources our Galaxy. The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement cosmic-ray flux fraction that extends previously published up 300 GeV kinetic energy. combined energy spectrum unique tool constrain interpretation models. During recent solar minimum activity period from July 2006 December 2009 approximately 24500...
We report the observation of new properties primary cosmic rays He, C, and O measured in rigidity (momentum/charge) range 2 GV to 3 TV with 90×10^{6} helium, 8.4×10^{6} carbon, 7.0×10^{6} oxygen nuclei collected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during first five years operation. Above 60 GV, these three spectra have identical dependence. They all deviate from a single power law above 200 harden an way.
The energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. These spectra, when measured near Earth, are significantly affected by the solar magnetic field. A comprehensive description radiation must therefore include transport modulation inside heliosphere. During end last decade Sun underwent a peculiarly long quiet phase well suited to study processes. In this paper we present proton from July 2006 December 2009 PAMELA. large collected...
We present a measurement of the cosmic ray (e^{+}+e^{-}) flux in range 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV based on analysis 10.6 million events collected by AMS. The statistics and resolution AMS provide precision flux. is smooth reveals new distinct information. Above 30.2 GeV, can be described single power law with spectral index γ=-3.170±0.008(stat+syst)±0.008(energy scale).
Precision measurements of cosmic ray positrons are presented up to 1 TeV based on 1.9 million collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer International Space Station. The positron flux exhibits complex energy dependence. Its distinctive properties (a) a significant excess starting from 25.2±1.8 GeV compared lower-energy, power-law trend, (b) sharp dropoff above 284+91−64 GeV, (c) in entire range is well described sum term associated with produced collision rays, which dominates at low...
We report on the observation of new properties secondary cosmic rays Li, Be, and B measured in rigidity (momentum per unit charge) range 1.9 GV to 3.3 TV with a total 5.4×10^{6} nuclei collected by AMS during first five years operation aboard International Space Station. The Li fluxes have an identical dependence above 7 all three 30 Li/Be flux ratio 2.0±0.1. deviate from single power law 200 way. This behavior has also been observed measurement primary He, C, O but dependences are...
Extended results on the cosmic-ray electron $+$ positron spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV are presented based observations with Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) International Space Station utilizing data up November 2017. The analysis uses full detector acceptance at high energies, approximately doubling statistics compared previous result. CALET is an all-calorimetric instrument a total thickness of 30 ${X}_{0}$ normal incidence and fine imaging capability, designed achieve large...
In this paper, we present the analysis and results of a direct measurement cosmic-ray proton spectrum with CALET instrument onboard International Space Station, including detailed assessment systematic uncertainties. The observation period used in is from October 13, 2015 to August 31, 2018 (1054 days). We have achieved very wide energy range necessary carry out measurements 50 GeV 10 TeV covering, for first time space, single whole interval previously investigated most cases separate...
Precision results on cosmic-ray electrons are presented in the energy range from 0.5 GeV to 1.4 TeV based $28.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ collected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer International Space Station. In entire electron and positron spectra have distinctly different magnitudes dependences. The flux exhibits a significant excess starting $42.{1}_{\ensuremath{-}5.2}^{+5.4}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ compared lower trends, but nature of this is above...