A5006887926- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Diatoms and Algae Research
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geological formations and processes
- Science, Research, and Medicine
- Climate variability and models
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Biotechnology and Related Fields
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
GNS Science
2021-2024
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
2015-2024
University of Tasmania
2023
UNSW Sydney
2011-2016
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science
2014-2015
University of Victoria
2012
Indiana University
2006
Dartmouth College
2000
Abstract Global warming has driven a loss of dissolved oxygen in the ocean recent decades. We demonstrate potential for an additional anthropogenic driver deoxygenation, which zooplankton consumption microplastic reduces grazing on primary producers. In regions where production is not limited by macronutrient availability, reduction pressure producers causes export to increase. Consequently, organic particle remineralisation these increases. Employing comprehensive Earth system model...
Abstract Every year, about four percent of the plastic waste generated worldwide ends up in ocean. What happens to there is poorly understood, though a growing body evidence suggests it rapidly spreading throughout global The mechanisms this spread are straightforward for buoyant larger plastics that can be accurately modelled using Lagrangian particle models. But fate smallest size fractions (the microplastics) less straightforward, part because they aggregate sinking marine snow and faecal...
Numerical simulations and emissions estimates of plastic in to the ocean consistently over-predict surface inventory, particularly case microplastic (MP), i.e. fragments less than 5 mm length. Sequestration sediments has been both predicted and, a limited extent, observed. It hypothesized that biology may be exporting significant fraction MP by way marine snow aggregation zooplankton faecal pellets. We apply previously published data on concentrations an earth system model intermediate...
Diatoms account for up to 40% of marine primary production
Abstract The marine biological carbon pump (BCP) stores in the ocean interior, isolating it from exchange with atmosphere and thereby coregulating atmospheric dioxide (CO 2 ). As BCP commonly is equated flux of organic material to termed “export flux,” a change export perceived directly impact CO , thus climate. Here, we recap how this perception contrasts current understanding BCP, emphasizing lack direct relationship between global . We argue for use storage origin interior as diagnostic...
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Abstract. Global biogeochemical ocean models are often tuned to match the observed distributions and fluxes of inorganic organic quantities. This tuning is typically carried out “by hand”. However, this rather subjective approach might not yield best fit observations, closely linked circulation employed thus influenced by its specific features even faults. We here investigate effect model tuning, via objective optimisation, one intermediate complexity when simulated in five different offline...
Abstract Climate change and plastics pollution are dual threats to marine environments. Here we use biogeochemical microplastic modelling show that even if there is complete removal of microplastics cessation deposition in the oceans 2022, regional recovery from microplastic-induced remineralization water column deoxygenation could take hundreds years for coastal upwelling zones, North Pacific Southern Ocean. Surface stratification reduced sea ice cover further impede recovery, highlighting...
Abstract Scientific research over the past decade has demonstrated that plastic in our oceans detrimental consequences for marine life at all trophic levels. As countries negotiate an international legally binding instrument on pollution, focus is eliminating emissions to environment. Here, we argue that, while this endeavour urgently needed limit negative impacts of ocean ecosystems, reduction flow environment should not be sole purpose negotiations. Legacy oceanic pollution also a major...
The sea surface microlayer (SML) refers to the uppermost millimeter of ocean that is in direct contact with atmosphere. It has physicochemical and biological properties are distinct from underlying water its determine air-sea exchange momentum, mass energy. Gas transfer velocity mostly determined by wind forcing, where gas enhanced at low moderate speeds. However, pollutant enrichment SML surfactants reduces suppressing turbulence damping waves. Local impacts can be significant, reducing...
Abstract As climate change continues, the likelihood of passing critical thresholds or tipping points increases. Hence, there is a need to advance science for detecting such thresholds. In this paper, we assess needs and opportunities Earth Observation (EO, here understood refer satellite observations) inform society in responding risks associated with ten potential large-scale ocean elements: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; Subpolar Gyre; Beaufort Arctic halocline; Kuroshio...
Microplastic is a ubiquitous marine pollutant whose small dimensions make it biologically available to phytoplankton and zooplankton. These organisms are crucial as the basis of food web for export organic material in form faecal pellets from surface deeper water column, forming long-term carbon sink. Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated empirically that ingestion low density microplastics reduces sinking rates zooplankton pellets. This study uses complex earth system model analyse...
Autotrophy is largely resource-limited in the modern ocean. Paleo evidence indicates this was not necessarily case warmer climates, and observations as well standard metabolic theory suggest continued ocean warming could shift global ecology towards heterotrophy, thereby reducing autotrophic nutrient limitation. Such a would entail strong recycling upper high rates of net primary production (NPP), yet low carbon export to deep sediments. We demonstrate transition such state early 22nd...
Marine calcifiers as a plankton functional type (PFT) are crucial part of the global carbon cycle, being responsible for much export to deep ocean entering via biological pathways. Deep through is controlled by physiological, ecological, and biogeochemical factors. This paper describes implementation calcifying phytoplankton PFT in University Victoria Earth System Climate Model, version 2.9 (UVic ESCM), mechanistic improvements representation model (a full calcite tracer, carbonate chemistry...
Plastic pollution can both chemically and physically impede marine biota. But it also provide novel substrates for colonization, its leachate might stimulate phytoplankton growth. contains carbon, which is released into the environment upon breakdown. All of these mechanisms have been proposed to contribute global impacts on open ocean carbon cycling climate from ubiquitous plastic pollution. Laboratory studies produce compelling data showing stimulation inhibition primary producers...
The Global Plastics Treaty presents an opportunity to "end plastic pollution". Legacy plastics will continue fragment secondary microplastics for decades, without additional mitigation measures. We identify this flux as a "fragmentation gap", currently overlooked in global policy targets.
Abstract. Treatment of the underwater light field in ocean biogeochemical models has been attracting increasing interest, with some moving towards more complex parameterisations. We conduct a simple sensitivity study typical, highly simplified parameterisation. In our study, we vary phytoplankton attenuation parameter over range constrained by data during both pre-industrial equilibrated and future climate scenario RCP8.5. equilibrium, lower parameters (weaker self-shading) shift net primary...
Abstract. Conventional integration of Earth system and ocean models can accrue considerable computational expenses, particularly for marine biogeochemical applications. Offline numerical schemes in which only the tracers are time stepped transported using a pre-computed circulation field substantially reduce burden thus an attractive alternative. One such scheme is transport matrix method (TMM), represents tracer as sequence sparse matrix–vector products that be performed efficiently on...
Abstract Phytoplankton exert a significant control on the marine carbon cycle and can thus impact atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Here we use new ecosystem model to analyze response of diatoms coccolithophores in Southern Ocean Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate conditions, changes aeolian iron (Fe) input Ocean. We find that LGM conditions without Fe lead large increase north winter sea ice edge South Atlantic (19%) Pacific (26%), 31% 9% within seasonal sea‐ice zone Indian oceans,...
Since the beginning of its large-scale production in early 20th century, plastics have remained an important material widespread use throughout modern society. Nevertheless, despite possessing many benefits, are resistant to degradation and instead accumulate ocean terrestrial sediments, thereby potentially affecting marine ecosystems. Plastics release CO 2 their entire lifecycle; during extraction materials used production, through plastic–carbon leaching environment, different end-of-life...
Abstract Microplastics are ubiquitous in marine environments and can be incorporated into biological aggregates including snows faecal pellets. These suspected to a major removal mechanism for microplastics from the surface ocean, transporting them deeper levels seafloor as they sink remineralise. However, simple budget calculations, observations, model parameter testing suggest that aggregation might also lead retention of upper sustaining contamination biologically-productive environments....
Abstract. Phytoplankton calcifiers contribute to global carbon cycling through their dual formation of calcium carbonate and particulate organic (POC). The might provide an efficient export pathway for the associated POC deep ocean, reducing particles' exposure biological degradation in upper ocean increasing particle settling rate. Previous work has suggested ballasting by increase a warming climate, spite dissolution rates, because benefit from widespread nutrient limitation arising...
Abstract Antarctic ice core records suggest that atmospheric CO 2 increased by 15–20 ppm during Heinrich stadials (HS). These periods of abrupt increase are associated with a significant weakening the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and warming at high southern latitudes. As such, modeling studies have explored link between changes in AMOC, latitude climate . While proxy aeolian iron input to Southern Ocean decreased significantly HS, potential impact on reduced combined...
Abstract. We describe and test a new model of biological marine silicate cycling, implemented in the University Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM) version 2.9. This adds diatoms, which are key aspect carbon pump, to an existing ecosystem model. The performs well against important ocean biogeochemical indicators captures large-scale features silica cycle. Furthermore it is computationally efficient, allowing both fully-coupled, long-timescale transient simulations, as "offline"...