A5063055379- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Climate variability and models
- Disaster Response and Management
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Health and Conflict Studies
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Travel-related health issues
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Liver Diseases and Immunity
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- ICT in Developing Communities
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
2021
School for Advanced Research
2021
Georgetown University
2021
Barcelona Institute for Global Health
2021
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
2021
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center
2009-2020
United States Department of Defense
2006-2020
Office of Science and Technology Policy
2019
The White House
2019
Defense Intelligence Agency
2019
El Niño/Southern Oscillation related climate anomalies were analyzed by using a combination of satellite measurements elevated sea-surface temperatures and subsequent rainfall satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index data. A Rift Valley fever (RVF) risk mapping model these data predicted areas where outbreaks RVF in humans animals expected occurred the Horn Africa from December 2006 to May 2007. The predictions subsequently confirmed entomological epidemiological field...
A wide range of research has promised new tools for forecasting infectious disease dynamics, but little that is currently being applied in practice, because do not address key public health needs, produce probabilistic forecasts, have been evaluated on external data, or provide sufficient forecast skill to be useful. We developed an open collaborative challenge assess forecasts seasonal epidemics dengue, a major global problem. Sixteen teams used variety methods and data generate 3...
Epidemics of chikungunya fever, an Aedes spp.-borne viral disease, affected hundreds thousands people in western Indian Ocean islands and India during 2005–2006. The initial outbreaks occurred coastal Kenya (Lamu, then Mombasa) 2004. We investigated eco-climatic conditions associated with fever emergence along using epidemiologic investigations satellite data. Unusually dry, warm preceded the outbreaks, including driest since 1998 for some regions. Infrequent replenishment domestic water...
Historical outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) since the early 1950s have been associated with cyclical patterns El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which results in elevated and widespread rainfall over RVF endemic areas Africa. Using satellite measurements global regional sea surface temperatures, rainfall, derived-normalized difference vegetation index data, we predicted lead times 2-4 months where humans animals were expected occurred Horn Africa, Sudan, Southern Africa at...
Abstract Interannual climate variability patterns associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon result in and environmental anomaly conditions specific regions worldwide that directly favor outbreaks and/or amplification of variety diseases public health concern including chikungunya, hantavirus, Rift Valley fever, cholera, plague, Zika. We analyzed some disease during strong 2015–2016 Niño event relation to anomalies derived from satellite measurements. Disease multiple...
As of November 2015, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic that began in West Africa late 2013 is waning. The human toll includes more than 28,000 EVD cases and 11,000 deaths Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, most heavily-affected countries. We reviewed 66 mathematical modeling studies published peer-reviewed literature to assess key uncertainties models addressed, data used for modeling, public sharing results, model performance. Based on review, we suggest steps improve use future health emergencies.
Infectious disease modeling has played a prominent role in recent outbreaks, yet integrating these analyses into public health decision-making been challenging. We recommend establishing 'outbreak science' as an inter-disciplinary field to improve applied epidemic modeling.
Abstract Background El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related climate anomalies have been shown to an impact on infectious disease outbreaks. The Climate Prediction Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/CPC) has recently issued unscheduled Niño advisory, indicating that warmer than normal sea surface temperatures across equatorial eastern Pacific may pronounced impacts global tropical precipitation patterns extending into northern hemisphere particularly over...
The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world
The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a global climate phenomenon that impacts human infectious disease risk worldwide through droughts, floods, and other extremes. Throughout summer fall 2014 winter 2015, Niño Watch, issued by the US National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, assessed likely development during Northern Hemisphere winter, persisting into spring 2015.We identified geographic regions where environmental conditions may increase transmission if predicted occurs using...
Jean-Paul Chretien and colleagues argue that recent Ebola Zika virus outbreaks highlight the importance of data sharing in scientific research.
Malaria microscopy, while the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, has limitations. Efficacy estimates in drug and vaccine trials are very sensitive to small errors microscopy endpoints. This fact led establishment of a Diagnostics Centre Excellence Kisumu, Kenya. The primary objective was ensure valid clinical trial diagnostic test evaluations. Key secondary objectives were technology transfer host countries, partnerships, training microscopists. A twelve-day "long" four-day "short" course...
Abstract Background Often in survey research, subsets of the population invited to complete do not respond a timely manner and valuable resources are expended recontact efforts. Various methods improving response have been offered, such as reducing questionnaire length, offering incentives, utilizing reminders; however, these can be costly. Utilizing characteristics early responders (refusal or consent) enrollment efforts may unique cost-effective approach for quality epidemiologic research....
Public health agencies conduct surveillance to identify and prioritize issues evaluate interventions. Recently, natural deliberate epidemics have motivated supplementary approaches traditional methods based on physician laboratory reporting. Fueled initially by post–September 11, 2001, bioterrorism-related funding, more recently used for detecting outbreaks, these systems, many of which are called “syndromic” systems because they focus syndromes recorded before the diagnosis, capture...
Military forces from developing countries have become increasingly important as facilitators of their government's foreign policy, taking part in peacekeeping operations, military exercises and humanitarian relief missions. Deployment these presents both challenges opportunities for infectious disease surveillance control. Troop movements may cause or extend epidemics by introducing novel agents to susceptible populations. Conversely, units with response capabilities can those civilian...
The National Science and Technology Council, within the Executive Office of President, established Pandemic Prediction Forecasting Working Group in 2013 to advance US Government epidemic prediction forecasting capabilities. leaders will provide an overview activities, seek feedback on direction from ISDS community.
Hypertension is a leading cause of stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure.The genetic basis blood pressure variation largely unknown but likely to involve genes that influence renal salt handling arterial vessel tone.Here we argue susceptibility hypertension ancestral differential due exposure selection pressures during the out-of-Africa expansion.The most important was climate, which produced latitudinal cline in heat adaptation and, therefore, susceptibility.Consistent with this...