A5064970016- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Gut microbiota and health
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Plant and animal studies
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Agriculture and Rural Development Research
- Nematode management and characterization studies
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
2012-2024
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2012-2024
Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle
2013-2024
Université de Montpellier
2010-2024
Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST)
2020
Agropolis International
2008-2019
Ecologie & Evolution
2019
Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite
2008-2018
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement
2005-2018
Institut Agro Montpellier
2008-2014
Theory predicts that selection for pathogen virulence and horizontal transmission is highest at the onset of an epidemic but decreases thereafter, as depletes pool susceptible hosts. We tested this prediction by tracking competition between latent bacteriophage λ its virulent mutant λcI857 throughout experimental epidemics taking place in continuous cultures Escherichia coli. As expected, strongly favored early stage epidemic, loses with virus prevalence increases. show observed transient...
Mutational (genetic) robustness is phenotypic constancy in the face of mutational changes to genome. Robustness critical understanding evolution because phenotypically expressed genetic variation fuel natural selection. Nonetheless, evidence for adaptive biological populations controversial. should be selectively favored when mutation rates are high, a common feature RNA viruses. However, selection may relaxed under virus co-infection complementation between genotypes can buffer effects. We...
Viral recombination can dramatically impact evolution and epidemiology. In viruses, the rate depends on frequency of genetic exchange between different viral genomes within an infected host cell at which such co-infections occur. While has been recently evaluated in experimentally co-infected cultures for several direct quantification most biologically significant level, that a infection, is still lacking. This study fills this gap using cauliflower mosaic virus as model. We distributed four...
Abstract Our knowledge of the genetic diversity and host ranges viruses is fragmentary. This particularly true for Parvoviridae family. Genetic studies single stranded DNA within this family have been largely focused on arthropod- vertebrate-infecting species that cause diseases humans our domesticated animals: a focus has biased perception parvovirus diversity. While metagenomics approaches could help rectify bias, so too transcriptomics studies. Large amounts transcriptomic data are...
Abstract Female genital tract (FGT) inflammation increases HIV infection susceptibility. Non-optimal cervicovaginal microbiota, characterized by depletion of Lactobacillus species and increased bacterial diversity, is associated with FGT cytokine production. may protect against partly reducing inflammation. We isolated 80 lactobacilli from South African women non-optimal (Nugent 4–10; n = 18) optimal microbiota 0–3; 14). Cytokine production vaginal epithelial cells in response to the...
Abstract Co-infection may be beneficial in large populations of viruses because it permits sexual exchange between that is useful combating the mutational load. This advantage sex should especially substantial when mutations interact through negative epistasis. In contrast, co-infection detrimental allows virus complementation, where inferior genotypes profit from superior products available within cell. The RNA bacteriophage φ6 features a genome divided into three segments. by multiple...
The effective size of populations (Ne) determines whether selection or genetic drift is the predominant force shaping their structure and evolution. Despite high mutation rate rapid evolution, this parameter poorly documented experimentally in viruses, particularly plant viruses. All available studies, however, have demonstrated existence huge within-host demographic fluctuations, drastically reducing Ne upon systemic invasion different organs tissues. Notably, extreme bottlenecks been...
The transmission–virulence trade-off hypothesis is one of the few adaptive explanations virulence evolution, and assumes that there an overall positive correlation between parasite transmission virulence. shape relationship predicts whether should evolve toward either a maximum or to intermediate optimum. A each these traits within-host growth often suggested underlie transmission. There are experimental tests this hypothesis; study reports on first empirical test plant pathogen. We infected...
Prediction of pathogen emergence is an important field research, both in human health and agronomy. Most studies have focused on the ecological or anthropic factors involved rather than role intrinsic properties. The capacity pathogens to infect a large set host species, i.e. possess range breadth (HRB), tightly linked their propensity. Using extensive plant virus database, we found that four traits related genome transmission properties were strongly robustly HRB. Broader ranges observed...
Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) causes genital inflammation and increased HIV acquisition risk. The standard-of-care for BV, antibiotic therapy, is associated with high recurrence rates. Probiotics may improve treatment outcomes, although substantial heterogeneity in efficacy has been observed during clinical trials. To evaluate the potential to existing probiotics, we compared inflammatory antimicrobial (adhesion, H 2 O , D-lactate L-lactate production) characteristics of 23 vaginal...
Antibiotics continue to be the standard-of-care for bacterial vaginosis (BV), although recurrence rates are high. Vaginal probiotics may improve durability of BV treatment, few vaginal health contain Lactobacillus spp. that commonly colonize lower female genital tract. Characteristics strains from South African women were evaluated their probiotic potential in vitro compared commercial products, including growth at varying pHs, ability pH, produce D-/L-lactate and H2O2, influence...
ABSTRACT Plant viruses are most frequently transmitted from one host plant to another by vectors. In noncirculative vector transmission, the virus does not process through a cycle within body. Instead, upon acquisition vector, retained in mouth parts or anterior gut; there, they will be subsequently released new plant. Two molecular strategies have been described for virus-vector interaction. capsid strategy, coat interacts directly with binding sites parts, whereas an additional...
Interactions between Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and its aphid vector are regulated by the viral protein P2, which binds to stylets, P3, bridges P2 virions. By using baculovirus expression of electron microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, affinity chromatography, transmission assays, we demonstrate that P3 must be previously bound virions in order attachment will allow CaMV. We also show a P2:P3 complex exists absence but is nonfunctional transmission. Hence, unlike cannot sequentially...
Predicting and managing contemporary adaption requires a proper understanding of the determinants genetic variation. Spatial heterogeneity environment may stably maintain polymorphism when habitat contribution to next generation can be considered independent degree adaptation local populations within habitats (i.e., under soft selection). In contrast, contribute proportionally mean fitness they host (hard selection), is not expected maintained by selection. Although mathematically...
Viral metagenomics and high throughput sequence mining have revealed unexpected diversity, the potential presence, of parvoviruses in animals from all phyla. Among arthropods, this diversity highlights poor knowledge that we regarding evolutionary history densoviruses. The aim study was to explore densovirus a small arthropod pest belonging Acari, two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, while using viral based on virus-enrichment. Here, present viromes obtained T. urticae laboratory...
Adaptation depends greatly on the distribution of mutation fitness effects (DMFE), but phenotypic expression mutations is often environment dependent. The environments faced by multihost pathogens are mostly governed their hosts and therefore measuring DMFE multiple can inform likelihood short-term establishment longer term adaptation emerging pathogens. We explored this growth rate 36 mutants lytic bacteriophage φX174 two host backgrounds, Escherichia coli (EcC) Salmonella typhimurium...
Introduction Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one-third of all cancers caused by infections. Most HPV studies focus on chronic infections and cancers, we know little about the early stages infection. Our main objective is to better understand course natural history cervical in healthy, unvaccinated vaccinated, young women, characterising dynamics various infection-related populations (virus, epithelial cells, vaginal microbiota immune effectors). Another analyse diversity...
For pathogens infecting single host species evolutionary trade-offs have previously been demonstrated between pathogen-induced mortality rates and transmission rates. It remains unclear, however, how such impact sub-lethal pathogen-inflicted damage, whether these even occur in broad host-range pathogens. Here, we examine changes over the past 110 years symptoms induced maize by pathogen, streak virus (MSV). Specifically, use quantified symptom intensities of cloned MSV isolates...
The interaction between gut bacterial and viral microbiota is thought to be important in human health. While fluctuations female genital tract (FGT) similarly determine sexual health, little known about the presence, persistence, function of vaginal bacteriophages. We conducted shotgun metagenome sequencing cervicovaginal samples from South African adolescents collected longitudinally, who received no antibiotics. annotated reads circular bacteriophages, identified CRISPR loci putative...
While live biotherapeutics offer a promising approach to optimizing vaginal microbiota, the presence of functional prophages within introduced
Recombination has an evident impact on virus evolution and emergence of new pathotypes, generated immense literature. However, the distribution phenotypic effects caused by genome-wide random homologous recombination never been formally investigated. Previous data subject have promoted implicit view that most viral recombinant genomes are likely to be deleterious or lethal if nucleotide identity parental sequences is below 90%. We decided challenge this creating a bank near-random...