A5083653654- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- French Urban and Social Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Agriculture and Rural Development Research
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Healthcare Systems and Practices
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle
2016-2025
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
2016-2025
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2016-2025
Université de Montpellier
2014-2025
Collège de France
2020-2025
Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie
2017-2025
Inserm
2020-2025
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
2020-2025
Agropolis International
2015-2024
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier
2021-2024
It has been more than two decades since the formulation of so-called 'trade-off' hypothesis as an alternative to then commonly accepted idea that parasites should always evolve towards avirulence (the 'avirulence hypothesis'). The trade-off states virulence is unavoidable consequence parasite transmission; however, 1990s, this increasingly challenged. We discuss history study evolution and development theories in order illustrate context debate. investigate arguments raised against argue...
Most models of virulence evolution assume that a parasite cannot raise its transmission rate without causing more harm to host. However, the existence such trade-off relationships has recently been challenged. Here, we study how can emerge from model explicitly incorporates within-host dynamics. We find and convexity are robust, which implies definite level evolutionarily stable (ESV) for parasite. also show dependence ESV on parameter values may be very strong. One possible consequence this...
Understanding the effect of multiple infections is essential for prediction (and eventual control) virulence evolution. Some theoretical studies have considered possibility that several strains coexist in same host (coinfection), but few taken their within-host dynamics explicitly into account. Here, we develop a nested approach based on simple model interaction parasite with host's immune system. We study evolution by linking to an epidemiological framework incorporates infections. Our...
HIV evolves rapidly at the epidemiological level but also within-host level. The virus' evolutionary rates have been argued to be much higher than its between-host rates. However, this conclusion relies on analyses of a short portion virus envelope gene. Here, we study in detail these across genome.We build phylogenies using relaxed molecular clock assumption estimate different regions genome. We find that vary strongly genome, with gene (env). Within-host are consistently throughout This...
HIV virulence, i.e. the time of progression to AIDS, varies greatly among patients. As for other rapidly evolving pathogens humans, it is difficult know if this variance controlled by genotype host or that virus because transmission chain usually unknown. We apply phylogenetic comparative approach (PCA) estimate heritability a trait from one infection next, which indicates control over trait. The idea use viral RNA sequences obtained patients infected HIV-1 subtype B build phylogeny,...
Abstract Since Dec 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic has spread over globe creating one of greatest pandemics ever witnessed. This wave will only begin to roll back once a critical proportion population is immunised, either by mounting natural immunity following infection, or vaccination. The latter option can minimise cost in terms human lives but it requires wait until safe and efficient vaccine developed, period estimated last at least 18 months. In this work, we use optimal control theory...
We analysed 9,030 variant-specific RT-PCR tests performed on SARS-CoV-2-positive samples collected in France between 31 May and 21 June 2021. This analysis revealed rapid growth of the Delta variant three 13 metropolitan French regions estimated a +79% (95% confidence interval: 52–110%) transmission advantage compared with Alpha variant. The next weeks will prove decisive magnitude advantages could represent major challenge for public health authorities.
In an epidemic, individuals can widely differ in the way they spread infection depending on their age or number of days have been infected for. absence pharmaceutical interventions such as a vaccine treatment, non-pharmaceutical ( e.g . physical social distancing) are essential to mitigate pandemic. We develop original approach identify optimal age-stratified control strategy implement function time since onset epidemic. This is based model with double continuous structure terms host and...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in 20 new cancer cases, exerting a particularly high burden on women. Most anogenital HPV are cleared less than two years, but the underlying mechanisms that favour persistence around 10% of women remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding, it is precisely this information crucial for improving treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies. To understand viral immune dynamics non-persisting infections, we set up an observational longitudinal...
The vaginal microbiota is known to affect women's health. Yet, there a notable paucity of high-resolution follow-up studies lasting several months, which would be required interrogate the long-term dynamics and associations with demographic behavioural covariates. Here, we present longitudinal cohort study 125 women, followed for median duration 8.6 11 samples collected per woman. Using hierarchical Bayesian Markov model, characterised patterns community persistence transition,...
Spatial structure has been shown to promote altruistic behavior, however, it also increases the intensity of competition among relatives. Our purpose here is develop a model in which this minimized, more precisely local increase fecundity minimal competitive effect on fitness nearby individuals. We work with an island sites are allowed be empty, choosing our demographic rules so that patches higher fecundity, empty filled at rate. allow dispersal rates evolve response proportion patch....
Infections by multiple genotypes are common in nature and known to select for higher levels of virulence some parasites. When parasites produce public goods (PGs) within the host, such co-infections have been predicted lower virulence. However, this prediction is based on simplifying assumptions regarding epidemiological feedbacks multiplicity infections (MOI). Here, we analyse case producing a PG (for example, siderophore-producing bacteria) using nested model that ties together within-host...
A significant goal of recent theoretical research on pathogen evolution has been to develop theory that bridges within- and between-host dynamics. The main approach used date is one nests within-host models replication in for the spread infectious diseases. Although this provides an elegant approach, it nevertheless suffers from some practical difficulties. In particular, information required satisfactorily model mechanistic details dynamics not often available. Here, we present a...
When a pathogen is rare in host population, there chance that it will die out because of stochastic effects instead causing major epidemic. Yet no criteria exist to determine when the increases risky level, from which has large dying out, outbreak almost certain. We introduce such an threshold (T0), and find for homogeneous populations, reproductive ratio R0, on order 1/Log(R0) infected individuals are needed prevent fade-out during early stages also show how this scales with higher...
Inferring epidemiological parameters such as the R0 from time-scaled phylogenies is a timely challenge. Most current approaches rely on likelihood functions, which raise specific issues that range computing these functions to finding their maxima numerically. Here, we present new regression-based Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach, base large variety of summary statistics intended capture information contained in phylogeny and its corresponding lineage-through-time plot. The...