Determining malaria vector species and age is crucial to measure risk. Although different in ecology susceptibility control, the African vectors Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto An. arabiensis are morphologically similar can be differentiated only by molecular techniques. Furthermore, few reliable methods exist estimate of these vectors, which a key predictor transmission intensity. We evaluated use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) determine age. This non-destructive technique predicted...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab, incited by graminearum, can cause significant economic losses in small grain production. Five field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 determine the effects on FHB and associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) of integrating winter wheat cultivar resistance fungicide application. Other variables measured yield percentage Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK). The fungicides prothioconazole + tebuconazole (formulated as Prosaro 421 SC) applied at rate...

ABSTRACT Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to detect scab damage and estimate deoxynivalenol (DON) ergosterol levels in single wheat kernels. Results showed that all scab‐damaged kernels identified by official inspectors were correctly NIRS. In addition, this system more with DON than did a visual inspection. predicted standard errors of ≈40 100 ppm, respectively. All samples visible had >120 some contained >700 ppm DON. This technology may provide means rapidly screening for...

Transmittance spectra (500 to 950 nm) and reflectance (550 1700 were analyzed determine ifthey could be used distinguish aflatoxin contamination in single whole corn kernels. Spectra obtained on cornkernels exhibiting various levels of bright greenishyellow fluorescence. Afterwards, each kernel was for aflatoxinfollowing the USDAFGIS Aflatest affinity chromatography procedures. using discriminant analysisand partial least squares regression. More than 95% kernels correctly classified as...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was recently applied to age-grade and differentiate laboratory reared Anopheles gambiae sensu strico arabiensis sibling species of lato complex. In this study, we report further on the accuracy tool for simultaneously estimating age class differentiating morphologically indistinguishable An. s.s. from semi-field releases wild populations. Nine different ages (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16 d) eight 10, 12 maintained in 250 x 60 40 cm cages within a large-cage...

The accelerating global spread of arboviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), highlights the need for more proactive mosquito surveillance. However, a major challenge during arbovirus outbreaks has been lack rapid and affordable tests pathogen detection in mosquitoes. We show first time that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is rapid, reagent-free, cost-effective tool can be used to noninvasively detect ZIKV heads thoraces intact Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with prediction accuracies 94.2 99.3%...

Mosquito control with bednets, residual sprays or fumigation remains the most effective tool for preventing vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue and Zika, though there are no widely used entomological methods directly assessing its efficacy. age is informative metric evaluating interventions that kill adult mosquitoes but simple reliable way of measuring it in field. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been shown to be a promising, high-throughput method can estimate mosquitoes....

The release of Wolbachia infected mosquitoes is likely to form a key component disease control strategies in the near future. We investigated potential using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) simultaneously detect and identify two strains pipientis (wMelPop wMel) male female laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Our aim find faster, cheaper alternatives for monitoring those releases than molecular diagnostic techniques that are currently use. findings indicate NIRS can differentiate...

Proper identification of insects in grain storage facilities is critical for predicting development pest populations and making management decisions. However, many stored-grain insect pests are difficult to identify, even trained personnel. We examined the possibility that near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy could be used taxonomic purposes based on premise every species may have a unique chemical composition. Tests were conducted with 11 beetles commonly associated stored grain. Spectra from...

Journal Article Automated Nondestructive Detection of Internal Insect Infestation Wheat Kernels by Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Get access Floyd E. Dowell, Dowell Grain Marketing Production and Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502 Search for other works this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James Throne, Throne Baker Economic Entomology, Volume 91, Issue 4, 1 August 1998, Pages 899–904, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.4.899...

ABSTRACT Reflectance and transmittance visible near‐infrared spectroscopy were used to detect fumonisin in single corn kernels infected with Fusarium verticillioides . Kernels >100 ppm <10 could be classed accurately as positive or negative, respectively. Classification results generally better for oriented than that randomly placed the spectrometer viewing area. Generally, models based on reflectance spectra have higher correct classification spectra. Statistical analyses indicated...

ABSTRACT The accuracy of using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting 186 grain, milling, flour, dough, and breadmaking quality parameters 100 hard red winter (HRW) 98 spring (HRS) wheat flour samples was evaluated. NIRS shows the potential protein content, moisture color b * values with accuracies suitable process control (R 2 > 0.97). Many other were predicted rough screening including test weight, average single kernel diameter SDS sedimentation volume, a values, total gluten...

ABSTRACT This study measured the relationship between bread quality and 49 hard red spring (HRS) or 48 winter (HRW) grain, flour, dough characteristics. The estimated attributes included loaf volume, bake mix time, water absorption, crumb grain score. best‐fit models for absorption had R 2 values of 0.78–0.93 with five to eight variables. Crumb score was not well estimated, ≈0.60. For volume models, flour protein content most important parameter included. Bake best when using mixograph...

ABSTRACT Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), or scab, can result in significant crop yield losses and contaminated grain wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Growing less susceptible cultivars is one of the most effective methods for managing FHB reducing deoxynivalenol (DON) levels grain, but breeding programs lack a rapid objective method identifying fungi toxins. It important to estimate proportions sound kernels ‐damaged (FDK) DON FDK objectively assess resistance cultivar. An automated single kernel...

The near infrared (NIR) absorption spectra of deoxynivalenol (DON) and single wheat kernels with or without DON were examined. NIR 0.5–2000 ppm in acetonitrile recorded the 350–2500 nm range. Second derivative processing spectral subtractions showed bands at 1408 nm, 1904 1919 nm. sound Fusarium-damaged also acquired using two instruments. Subtraction average second evaluated to identify different signatures types kernel. Differences peak height positions noted. At 1204 1365 1700 differences...

Large-scale surveillance of mosquito populations is crucial to assess the intensity vector-borne disease transmission and impact control interventions. However, there a lack accurate, cost-effective high-throughput tools for mass-screening vectors. A total 750 Anopheles gambiae (Keele strain) mosquitoes were fed Plasmodium falciparum NF54 gametocytes through standard membrane feeding assay (SMFA) afterwards maintained in insectary conditions allow oocyst (8 days) sporozoite development (14...

Understanding the age-structure of mosquito populations, especially malaria vectors such as Anopheles gambiae, is important for assessing risk infectious mosquitoes, and how vector control interventions may impact this risk. The use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) age-grading has been demonstrated previously on laboratory semi-field but to date not utilized wild-caught mosquitoes whose age externally validated via parity status or parasite infection stage. In study, we developed regression...

Estimating the age distribution of mosquito populations is crucial for assessing their capacity to transmit disease and evaluating efficacy available vector control programs. This study reports on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique rapidly predict ages principal dengue Zika vector, Aedes aegypti. The wild-type males females, females infected with wMel wMelPop strains Wolbachia pipientis were characterized using this method. Calibrations developed spectra collected from heads...

Background Novel and highly sensitive point-of-care malaria diagnostic surveillance tools that are rapid affordable urgently needed to support control elimination. Methods We demonstrated the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique detect parasites both, in vitro , using dilutions infected red blood cells obtained from Plasmodium falciparum cultures vivo mice with P . berghei spotted on slides non-invasively, by simply scanning various body areas (e.g., feet, groin ears)....

Abstract Fungal damage has a devastating impact on soybean quality and end-use. The current visual method for identifying damaged seeds is based discoloration subjective. objective of this research was to classify healthy fungal-damaged discriminate among various types fungal using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A diode-array NIR spectrometer, which measured reflectance [log(1/R)] from 400 1700 nm, used obtain spectra single seeds. Partial least square (PLS) neural network models were...

Abstract Fifty samples of peanuts and 45 com, collected in Georgia during 1990, were examined for the co-occurrence cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) aflatoxins (AF). The corn was from fields Georgia, before harvest, under mycotoxin- monitoring program U.S. Department Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. designated oil production or animal feed because visible damage to nutmeats. CPA determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) using a linear gradient. Solvent A methanol-water...